Recent trends in membranes and membrane processes for desalination (original) (raw)
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Membrane desalination technologies in water treatment: A review
Water Practice and Technology
One of the most pressing problems worldwide is inadequate access to potable water. Many technologies have been applied to address this through research to find robust but inexpensive methods of desalination that offer high fluxes and use less energy, while reducing chemical use and environmental impact. Membrane desalination technology is universally considered to solve water shortage problems due to its high efficiency and lower energy consumption than distillation methods. This review focuses on the desalination performance of membrane technologies with consideration of the effect of driving force, potential technologies, membrane types, flux, energy consumption and operating temperature, etc. Pressure driven membrane processes (MF, UF, NF, RO), and their fouling propensity and major drawbacks are discussed briefly. Membrane characteristics and the effects of operating conditions on desalination are also covered. Organic-hybrid and inorganic membrane materials can offer advantages...
Desalination, 2016
Multidisciplinary, innovative and high values development of high performance, cost-effective and environmentally acceptable separation systems is highly desired to tackle the sustainability challenges that facing current desalination technology. Owing to their versatility and immense potentials to evolve scientific and technical innovations, nanotechnology is probably one of the most prominent strategies that has gained growing scientificandpublicrecognition to provide solutions that can extend the limits of sustainability in membrane desalination technology. This short review provides a brief insight into the roles and prospective of nanotechnology, particularly the nano-enabled membrane technology, to serve as a key element to render feasible solutions for sustainable development in membrane desalination technology. The contribution also highlights the strategies of transforming risk and challenges of this cutting edge technology into competitive advantage in order to timely and efficiently drive values in enhancing the desalination performance, profits and sustainability. The applications of nanomaterials and nanocomposite in membrane desalination are anticipated to foster untapped initiatives and innovation in fundamental science, engineering and technology to spearhead the new wave of leading edge sustainable membrane desalination technology.
Membrane-based seawater desalination: Present and future prospects
Desalination, 2017
Given increasing regional water scarcity and that almost half of the world's population lives within 100 km of an ocean, seawater represents a virtually infinite water resource. However, its exploitation is presently limited by the significant specific energy consumption (kWh/m 3) required by conventional desalination technologies, further exasperated by high unit costs ($/m 3) and environmental impacts including GHG emissions (g CO2-eq/m 3), organism impingement/entrainment through intakes, and brine disposal through outfalls. This paper explores the state-of-the-art in present seawater desalination practice, emphasizing membrane-based technologies, while identifying future opportunities in step improvements to conventional technologies and development of emerging, potentially disruptive, technologies through advances in material science, process engineering, and system integration. In this paper, seawater reverse osmosis (RO) serves as the baseline conventional technology. The discussion extends beyond desalting processes into membrane-based salinity gradient energy production processes, which can provide an energy offset to desalination process energy requirements. The future membrane landscape in membrane-based desalination and salinity gradient energy is projected to include ultrahigh permeability RO membranes, renewable-energy driven desalination, and emerging processes including closed-circuit RO, membrane distillation, forward osmosis, pressure retarded osmosis, and reverse electrodialysis according various niche applications and/or hybrids, operating separately or in conjunction with RO.
Nanomaterials in membrane water desalination
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2021
Reverse osmosis (RO) is currently the most important desalination technology and it is experiencing significant growth. This paper reviews the historical and current development of RO membrane materials which are the key determinants of separation performance and water productivity, and hence to define performance targets for those who are developing new RO membrane materials. Given their unique structural and morphological features, nanomaterials have gained considerable attention for their applications in membrane desalination. The emergence of nanotechnology in membrane materials science could offer an attractive alternative to polymeric materials. Hence nanostructured membranes are discussed in this review including zeolite membranes, carbon nanotube, graphene and graphene oxide membranes in their free-standing and composite forms. It is proposed that these novel materials represent the most likely opportunities for enhanced RO desalination performance in the future, but that a ...
Exploring the current state of play for cost-effective water treatment by membranes
npj Clean Water, 2018
This article presents a perspective on the current development and application of membranes for the treatment of water. We examine how membranes contribute to the global challenge of sustainable supply of clean water. The main theme is on desalination and how innovative science and emerging technology is being applied. Thus, we appraise how techniques such as advanced membrane materials, biomimetic membranes, hybrid systems, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation are being used to improve production to meet the increasing global demand for water.
Membrane and Desalination Technologies
Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 13, 2010
Lawrence K. Wang, Jiaping Paul Chen, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas (2010), Membrane and Desalination Technologies, Humana Totowa, NJ, USA, 716 pages, ISBN 978-1-58829-940-6 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-278-6 ..... ABSTRACT: This book includes the following chapters: (1) Membrane Technology: Past, Present and Future; (2) Preparation of Polymeric Membranes; (3) Advanced Membrane Fouling Characterization in Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Processes; (4) Membrane Filtration Regulations and Determination of Log Removal Value; (5) Treatment of Industrial Effluents, Municipal Wastes, and Potable Water by Membrane Bioreactors; (6) Treatment of Food Industry Foods and Wastes by Membrane Filtration; (7) Membrane Separation: Basics and Applications; (8) Membrane Systems Planning and Design; (9) Adsorption Desalination: A Novel Method; (10) Membrane Processes for Reclamation of Municipal Wastewater; (11) Potable Water Biotechnology, Membrane Filtration and Biofiltration; (12) Desalination of Seawater by Thermal Distillation and Electrodialysis Technologies; (13) Desalination of Seawater by Reverse Osmosis; (14) Membrane Technologies for Point-of-Use and Point-of-Entry Applications; (15) Membrane Technologies for Oil–Water Separation; and (16) Gas-Sparged Ultrafiltration: Recent Trends, Applications and Future Challenges.
Prospects of 2D Materials-based Membranes in Water Desalination
Chemical engineering transactions, 2019
This study discloses the role of graphene and bismuth chalcogenides in membranes designed to water desalination. Nanocomposite membranes were tailored and characterized from morphological and physicochemical point of views. Membrane distillation (MD) and membrane crystallization (MCr) experiments were implemented in order to evaluate how confined fillers can affect the final performance of membrane process in terms of flux, rejection, nucleation and growth rate of salts crystals. Chemisorption was envisaged as a crucial mechanism in assisting water diffusion and ion aggregation.This study provides new insightful indication about the powerful function of graphene and materials beyond graphene in membranes designed for scalable MD and MCr. Higher performances could make these membrane operations extremely challenging for future competitive water desalination processes.
Membrane Distillation for Desalination and Current Advances in MD Membranes
Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology, 2023
Desalination is a great technique to address the growing demand for water because it is essential for humans. Water treatment and desalination are two common uses for the membrane-based, non-isothermal MD (Membrane Distillation) process. It works at low pressure and temperature, and heat from waste and solar energy can meet the process's heat requirements. In MD, dissolved salts and nonvolatile contaminants are rejected as the vapors go through the membrane's pores and start condensing at the permeate side. However, because to the lack of a suitable and adaptable membrane, biofouling, wetting and water efficacy are the main problems for MD. Many researchers have recently worked on membrane composites and attempted to create effective, appealing, and unique membranes for membrane distillation. This review article talks about water shortages in the 21st century, the rise of desalination, the use of membrane distillation (MD), recent developments in membrane distillations, developments in pilot scale MD technologies, New developments in membrane fabrication and modification, the desired properties of membranes, and desalination membranes.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2020
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