Comparative Studies on the Mechanical Properties of some Selected Foreign and Indigenous Varieties Species of Kenaf (original) (raw)
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Malaysian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2022
It aims to show the impact of using kenaf fibers as alternative materials in manufacturing. Global climate change and environment pollution cause to do this kind of researching. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a fast growing natural crops, belongs to the Malvaceae family. It is an industrial crop has high potential for cultivation in a tropical climate and also which resistance to various soil types and climate. Selecting the raw materials for industrial applications is more important. Actually, kenaf fibers have many advantages to use in wade range of applications, also it's fibers not just a part of plant useful as raw material but also leaves and seeds have many other advantages and uses. The results show that there is a significant between varieties on growth and fiber yield properties. The highest plant high was of FH952 by (368.33 cm), while the best values of total fresh and dry stem yields were found of HC2 and V36, by almost (219.33 and 60.93 t/ha), respectively. Providing these results through kenaf plant could be considered as substitute materials for timber and other biocomposite manufactures, and also it causes to safe environment by absorption optimal value of carbon dioxide (CO2), then cutting of woodland trees will be decreased. Finally recommended to cultivation fiber crops (kenaf) globally to conserve environment.
A Study on the Production Method of Kenaf High Fiber Strength
2011
Kenaf bast fiber from 58 varieties grown in Zhejiang province, China, was treated using three treatments. First treatment used ammonium oxalate, sodium hydroxide and acidic chlorite (AT3), second treatment used ammonium oxalate and sodium hydroxide (AT0) and the third one was retting treatment (RET). Some parameters such as diameter, height and weight of stalk, and also fiber strength were measured for screening method. Treatment AT3 show much better strength than the other two. It means the single fiber which belongs to AT3 is stronger than the bundle fiber of AT0 and RET. Moreover the chemical treatment of AT0 has much stronger bundle fiber than RET. The best-8 varieties (kenaf sample number 8, 11, 12, 30, 32, 48, 52 and 58) were selected based on the fiber strength and kenaf sample number 12 and 32 reached the superior two if evaluated with other factors.
Bioresources, 2020
Fiber processing is an important factor that affects the physical and mechanical properties of long kenaf fiber. The physical-mechanical properties, such as color, tensile strength, and moisture regain (MR), are the main characteristics that influence the processing and performance on the final products from kenaf fiber. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf fiber at the week of planting, with different processing methods that were planted in a selected location in Malaysia. Kenaf fiber was separated by the water retting method, where the combination of water retting and mechanical retting was based on the available facilities and proficiency at the sites. The tensile strength and chemical composition of kenaf fiber showed large variability for every location collected and for each processing technique used. Visual observations and color testing indicated that kenaf fiber with extended water immersion exhibited higher lightnes...
TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF THE TREATED AND UNTREATED KENAF FIBERS
Kenaf fibers have a potential to replace conventional synthetic fibers to develop polymeric materials and they are able to stimulate the construction, automotive and packaging industries to look for “green” products. Since all composite models contain the Young’s modulus or the tensile strength of the reinforcing fibers, this study was conducted on tensile behavior of kenaf fibers. Tensile tests were performed on a mechanical tensile testing machine system with constant gauge length. The cross-sectional area of fiber was measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image analysis. The value of Young’s modulus was measured and compared between untreated and treated fibers. SEM was also used to investigate the physical characteristics of the fibers to relate the behavior mechanism of the fibers. This preliminary study is very useful in future to become natural fiber polymer composites for light structural elements such as trusses and strengthening materials. Keywords: kenaf fibers, polymeric materials, tensile strength, young’s modulus
Inadequate information on the binding characteristics of kenaf biomass at the molecular level has adversely affected the modifications of its cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin structure. This study was undertaken to assess the characteristic features and chemo-mechanical properties of kenaf fibres retted under three different media namely: tank, stream and ribbon. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra analysis as well as the ASTM standard for tensile tests were applied. The results showed that the broad bands occurred at the range of 3312-3420 cm −1 for all the retted fibres were due to the presence of hydroxyl (–OH) group while the peaks were obtained at 1635.76, 1635.34, and 1730.69 cm −1 for stream, tank and ribbon retted fibres respectively. However, tank retted fibres had the most broad band intensity at 3419.78cm-1 while ribbon fibres had the highest absorption peak of
Kenaf Fibres Reinforced Polymer: Effects on sizes, orientation and modification on it properties
The purpose of this project was to study the effect of fibres size, orientation and modification on the composite properties. The fibres size was referring to fibres thickness or its diameter. Fibres size that be used in this study were in three different size, less than 125 m, greater than 125 and flour form. Optimum fibres size will increase impact strength of the kenaf fibres . In order to achieve the best orientation, 3 type of direction were used, unidirectional with continuous fibres, unidirectional with discontinuous fibres and random distribution of fibres. The best orientation was unidirectional with continuous fibres length, it gave maximise tensile properties. In order to improve and enhance composite properties, kenaf fibres raw materials were immersed in Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) with certain amount concentration. There were three type of concentration of NaOH will be used. 4%, 5% and 6% of NaOH concentration were used and this process was done before manufacturing process. The best NAOH concentration gave the maximum value if tensile modulus (O.M.L. Asumani, 2012). The kenaf fibres reinforced composite (KFRC) was manufactured by using layup process without any external or internal pressure and a mould was used to fix its dimension. A few testing method were used in order to determine KFRC properties. The testing involved in this study were tensile, impact, bending, water absorption, water degradation, soil degradation and it microstructure is observed by using scanning electron microscopic (SEM).
Sains Malaysiana
The physico-mechanical and chemical properties of enzyme retting kenaf and shredded empty fruit bunch of oil palm fibres (EFB) were analyzed by chemical extraction, microscopic, spectroscopic, thermal and X-ray diffraction method. Polypropylene (PP), a petroleum based fibre, was also included to compare the properties of synthetic fibre with natural fibres. Chemical extraction analysis showed that cellulose was the major component in both kenaf and EFB fibres which are 54% and 41.34%, respectively. Silica content of EFB was 5.29% higher than kenaf that was 2.21%. The result of thermogravimetric analysis showed that kenaf has higher thermal decomposition rate compared to EFB fibre. However, the residue for EFB fibre was higher than kenaf due to higher content in inorganic materials. The residual content of PP fibre was only 1.13% which was lower than the natural fibre. The diameter of EFB fibre bundle was 341.7 µm that was three times higher than kenaf. Microscopy study demonstrated that EFB surface was rough, porous and embedded with silica while kenaf showed smooth surface with small pith. Higher porosity in EFB was due to the lower fibre density that was 1.5 kg/cm 3 compared to kenaf that was 1.62 kg/cm 3. Kenaf has illustrated significant higher tensile strength (426.4 MPa) than EFB (150 MPa) and this result is in parallel to the pattern of the crystalline value for both fibres, 65% and 50.58%, respectively.
Study the Effect of Chemical and Enzymatic Extraction Methods on the Kenaf Fibers Properties
Journal of Natural Fibers, 2020
In this paper, two extraction methods for kenaf fiber, The chemical process and the enzymatic one, were performed. These processes were used to extract fibers from the kenaf stem and the chemical, mechanical and morphologic properties of the extracted fibers were investigated. We notice that the fiber diameter decrease when increasing the concentration of the enzyme and the time treatment (101,35 µm for Enz1 and 91,37 µm for Enz4) the same result is obtained for the chemical extraction when increasing the duration, temperature or NaOH concentration. Also the fiber crystallinity index is improved due to the elimination of the noncellulosic materials from the fiber. The results obtained show that we have an increase in this index for all treated fiber however it is more important for the chemical extraction (crude fiber 57.39%, chemical-treated fiber 71.93% and 66.70% for the enzyme-treated fiber). This increase explains also the increase of fiber tenacity and the decrease of strain and we found through the tensile test that kenaf fiber has a pure elastic behavior for all treated fiber. So, the properties of extracted fibers compared to the crude fibers prove that the enzymatic extraction preserves more the fiber structure than the chemical extraction.
International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2020
This paper present two parameters Weibull analysis result on mechanical properties of kenaf fiber under different condition of alkali treatment. The mechanical properties of kenaf fiber that as focused in this study was fiber matrix interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and fiber tensile strength (TS). Kenaf fiber were treated under various conditions alkali concentration at 2, 6 and 10 (w/v%), immersion duration at 30, 240 and 480 minute and immersion temperature at 27, 60 and 100oC. Unsaturated polyester matrix was used in this study to determine the interfacial shear strength (IFSS). The result shows that Weibull modulus of kenaf fiber interfacial shear strength (IFSS) at 30 minutes immersion duration value was 2.59 to 3.12 with characteristic strength, σo-IFSS value range was 0.29MPa to 0.37MPa. The highest Weibull modulus was at room temperature and 6% alkali concentration. For kenaf fiber tensile strength Weibull modulus, the range was 2.40 to 3.07 with characteristic strength value range from 345MPa to 597MPa. The highest Weibull modulus also was measured at room temperature and 2% alkali concentration. The characteristic strength value shows a degrading pattern with the increment on immersion temperature and alkali solution concentration.
Impact of chemical treatment on the physiochemical and mechanical properties of kenaf fibers
Industrial Crops and Products, 2019
In order to improve the impact of kenaf fibers on crack resistance, durability and mechanical properties in concrete applications, kenaf fibers were treated by different inorganic chemicals (sodium hydroxide NaOH, potassium permanganate KMnO 4 , potassium dichromate K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 , and sodium chlorite NaClO 2). The characteristics of raw and chemically treated kenaf fibers were investigated through chemical composition analysis, moisture sorption test, scanning electron microscopy test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test, thermogravimetric test, X-ray diffraction test, and single fiber tensile test. Compared to raw kenaf fibers, the hydrogen peroxide treatment increased the cellulose content in the fibers by about 40%; while their crystallinity increased by 26.8%. Correspondingly, the tensile strength of the fibers increased by 18.9%. The alkaline, potassium permanganate, and potassium dichromate treatments showed only a slight increase in these properties; whereas the increases were moderate with sodium chlorite treatment.