Transport of radioactive material: benefits of effective regulation (original) (raw)
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In order to establish and maintain sustainable nuclear security regulatory infrastructures for radioactive sources, it is important for States to develop nuclear security regulations with regulatory requirements and relevant criteria for security, which are consistent and well-integrated with those for radiation safety. In establishing national regulations, experts worldwide follow the international recommendations on safety and security of radioactive sources published by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Within the IAEA publications on safety and security of radioactive sources, some international recommendations are identical or very similar for both safety and security, for example, the requirement for the establishment of a national registry of radioactive sources. However, some other international recommendations are unique to the security area, such as the recommendation to examine the trustworthiness of employees, or to the safety area, such as the need to establish public exposure controls. Additionally, many international recommendations fall somewhere in between, such as the need for effective authorization of facilities and activities, a regulatory inspection and enforcement regime and the graded approach to establish and apply regulatory requirements. This paper examines how the IAEA international recommendations for establishing regulatory frameworks for safety and security relate to one another.
Three reflections about the national regulation of safety in radioactive waste management
Three reflections about the national regulation of safety in radioactive waste management , 2022
National regulation on radioactive waste management covers numerous aspects. The author deals with three of them that have produced interesting developments during the last decades. The first concerns the definition of "radioactive waste" and national variations in the classification of waste, which in some cases may lead to transboundary effects. Secondly, a reflection is made on the concept of "State ultimate responsibility" for the management of radioactive waste and its implications for export control and the assumption of responsibilities in the management of orphan sources and legacies. Lastly, she refers to the different approach followed by States in their site selection processes for a deep geological repository. This paper was presented in the International Conference of Nuclear Law (ICNL) at the premises of the IAEA, Vienna , 25th April 2022