Biosensor: Concept, Classification and Applications (original) (raw)
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Biosensors and Their Principles
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A bioreceptor that is an immobilized sensitive biological element (e.g. enzyme, DNA probe, antibody) recognizing the analyte (e.g. enzyme substrate, complementary DNA, antigen). Although antibodies and oligonucleotides are widely employed, enzymes are by far the most commonly used biosensing elements in biosensors. 2. A transducer is used to convert (bio)chemical signal resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the bioreceptor into an electronic one. The intensity of generated signal is directly or inversely proportional to the analyte concentration. Electrochemical transducers are often used to develop biosensors. These systems offer some advantages such as low cost, simple design or small dimensions. Biosensors can also be based on gravimetric, calorimetric or optical detection [1]. www.intechopen.com A Roadmap of Biomedical Engineers and Milestones 116 Biosensors are categorized according to the basic principles of signal transduction and biorecognition elements. According to the transducing elements, biosensors can be classified as electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermal sensors [3]. Electrochemical biosensors are also classified as potentiometric, amperometric and conductometric sensors. The application of biosensor areas [4] are clinic, diagnostic, medical applications, process control, bioreactors, quality control, agriculture and veterinary medicine, bacterial and viral diagnostic, drag production, control of industrial waste water, mining, military defense industry [5], etc.
4 Biosensors and Their Principles
A biosensor is a device composed of two elements: 1. A bioreceptor that is an immobilized sensitive biological element (e.g. enzyme, DNA probe, antibody) recognizing the analyte (e.g. enzyme substrate, complementary DNA, antigen). Although antibodies and oligonucleotides are widely employed, enzymes are by far the most commonly used biosensing elements in biosensors. 2. A transducer is used to convert (bio)chemical signal resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the bioreceptor into an electronic one. The intensity of generated signal is directly or inversely proportional to the analyte concentration. Electrochemical transducers are often used to develop biosensors. These systems offer some advantages such as low cost, simple design or small dimensions. Biosensors can also be based on gravimetric, calorimetric or optical detection [1]. www.intechopen.com A Roadmap of Biomedical Engineers and Milestones 116 Biosensors are categorized according to the basic principles of signal transduction and biorecognition elements. According to the transducing elements, biosensors can be classified as electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermal sensors [3]. Electrochemical biosensors are also classified as potentiometric, amperometric and conductometric sensors. The application of biosensor areas [4] are clinic, diagnostic, medical applications, process control, bioreactors, quality control, agriculture and veterinary medicine, bacterial and viral diagnostic, drag production, control of industrial waste water, mining, military defense industry [5], etc. A few advantages of biosensors are listed below: A Roadmap of Biomedical Engineers and Milestones Edited Hard cover, 230 pages Publisher InTech
Journal 4 Research - J4R Journal, 2016
A biosensor is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal. The term biosensor is often used to cover sensor devices used in order to determine the concentration of substances and other parameters of biological interest even where they do not utilize a biological system directly. Biosensors have become essential analytical tools, since they offer higher performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity than any other currently available diagnostic tool. With appropriate progress in research, biosensors will have an important impact on environmental monitoring, reducing cost and increasing efficiency. Biosensors represent a rapidly expanding field, at the present time, with an estimated 60% annual growth rate; where major focus is on health care industry. Although there use is unquestionable in the field of agri food, research, security and defence. In this paper various aspects of biosensors have been touched.
A Review on Studies and Research on Biosensors : An Interdisciplinary Pursuit
The detection and transfer of signals enable quick response in the diagnosis. Generally, for detection of components in samples, chromatographic methods are used. Other methods such as energy dispersed X-ray analysis, atomic absorption methods are used for detection of various compounds and impurities in water samples. Also, the compounds in gasses are detected by using various chromatographic, calorimetric and chemical analyses. It is always desired to measure the real time concentration and convey the signals to other display systems. A biosensor is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal. These are analytical devices in which specific recognition of the chemical substances is performed by biological material, usually an enzyme. The current review summarizes research and studies on biosensors.
Applications of biosensors - A short review
International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research
Enzyme-based, tissue-based, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, thermal and piezoelectric biosensors are explored here, revealing applications in medical fields to distinguish between natural and man-made substances. Some industries have implemented the use of biosensors, such as the food industry. Biosensors are used in metabolic engineering to enable in vivo monitoring of cell metabolism, in order to obtain accurate glucose concentrations, in fermentation industries and in saccharification processes to control its quality and safety. Biosensors and their role in medicine, including early detection of human interleukin 10, which causes heart disease, and rapid detection of human papillomavirus (HPV). It's an important aspect. Fluorescent biosensors play an important role in drug discovery and cancer diagnosis. Biosensing applications are widely used to find missing links in metabolic processes. Basically, biosensors serve as inexpensive and highly efficient devices for these purpose...