Judicial Review — How the Police are Helping with Their Own Inquiries: Part One (original) (raw)
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1997
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Leading the police: a history of chief constables 1835–2017
Policing and Society, 2018
Wright Mills (1959, p. 3) reminds us that 'neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both'. This is particularly pertinent in the context of police leadership. Contemporary debates, as Wall (1998, p. 315) has previously argued, have historical foundations: Social history of the chief constable has demonstrated that debates in the history of the police do have the habit of repeating themselves and that many contemporary debates find a resonance in the past.
Civilian oversight of the police in England and Wales
International Journal of Police Science and Management, 2016
The creation of Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) in England and Wales in November 2012 by the Conservative/ Liberal Democrat Coalition government, replacing the former police authorities, introduced a new mechanism for civilian oversight of the police. However, the new structure has been heavily criticised, both for the election process and for the ways in which newly elected PCCs have operated. Despite these criticisms, PCCs were retained by the new Conservative government, and the scheduled round of new elections took place in May 2016. This article assesses these elections and compares them with those 2012, in terms of the election process and the attributes of the candidates and those successfully elected.
Police oversight in the United Kingdom: The balance of independence and collaboration
International Journal of Law Crime and Justice, 2012
A key feature of modern policing is external oversight of alleged police misconduct. The present paper focuses on the three UK oversight agencies: the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC), the Police Complaints Commissioner for Scotland (PCCS); and the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland (PONI). Document analysis and interviews were utilized to highlight the different models of oversight with regard to the balance of responsibility for complaint investigations. The PONI exemplifies a model of regulatory independence that provides a strong challenge to the very limited PCCS model and intermediate IPCC model. An emerging trend was indentified of cooperation between external and internal agency personnel working towards police reform and areas in which oversight agencies can contribute to reform are presented.
Criminal Law Review 2004 From PC Dixon to Dixon PLC: policing and policing powers since 1954
Many analysts have claimed in recent years that contemporary policing is entering a fundamentally new era. Perhaps the best-known version of this thesis is a celebrated article by David Bayley and Clifford Shearing, two leading policing scholars, 1 who argue that " Modern democratic countries like the United States, Britain and Canada have reached a watershed in the evolution of their systems of crime control and law enforcement. Future generations will look back on our era as a time when one system of policing ended and another took its place. " 2 This is clearly one aspect of much broader debates about the nature of contemporary social and political change, and the widespread sense that a deep transformation is occurring, although there are profound disagreements about how to characterise and understand it. In terms of policing the arguments focus on two dimensions of change: (a) the so-called pluralisation of policing, the more complex relationship between the police and other policing mechanisms; (b) shifts in the mandate and legitimacy of the police themselves. Perhaps the clearest index of these changes is the now almost universal usage of the term policing rather than the police in academic and policy discussion. This reflects the growing recognition that the police, the state financed and organised body that specialises in policing, is only one aspect-and possibly a diminishing aspect-of an ensemble of policing institutions and processes. 3 Independently of (but also related to) the pluralisation of policing, the police have also been subject to profound transformations in their mandate and legitimacy in the last half century. The police have changed in what they do and what they are expected *Crim. L.R. 602 to do, the tasks and powers they are given and how they are held to account for them, and how they are seen and see themselves.
International Journal of Law and Public Administration
Policing develops in different ways at different times and to differing demands in states around the world. Thus, policing and security models are established and evolve in the context of the host society. In England and Wales, modern bureaucratic policing emerged from a locally focused and administered system. Following on from this, contemporary Anglo-American policing aligns, to varying degrees, with the political, socio-cultural, legal and ideological aspects of contemporary liberal democratic society with its emphasis on democratic localism and decentralised accountability. Policing is also a field where Anglo-American and other western states provide support to transitional states with often different developmental paths. The transitional states seek, or have imposed on them (depending upon your perspective), western democratic models of policing and the policies, programmes, institutions and tactics associated with these models. This paper reviews the conceptual and theoretic...