Genotype-environment interaction, stability of yield and grain quality in Tuxpeño maize (original) (raw)
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2020
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Despite of the wide maize (Zea mays L.) genetic variability present in México, maize breeding programs have made use of open pollinated varieties from local races and few or null use of exotic materials. Varieties from races Chalqueño and Cónico are the only ones in use in the Mexican Central Plateau. Due to the potential value of the Tuxpeño race varieties from Mexican tropical regions, the Tuxpeño Crema 1 composite was submitted to 12 cycles of Stratified Visual Mass Selection at Chapingo and Montecillo, State of México, where a temperate climate prevails. The original variety and its composites from the second to the twelfth selection cycle, plus seven local varieties, were evaluated too, at Montecillo and Tecámac, State of México. The results showed significant favorable changes for grain yield, ear length, row number per ear, grain weight, days to male flowering, number of leaves above the ear, and number of primary tassel branches. Plant and ear height showed a significant increase, although agronomically undesirable. Composites from advanced selection cycles had yields similar to that of local varieties. The stability of adaptation related traits occurred between the third and fourth selection cycle.
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The objective of this work was to study the physiological parameters that explain variations in individual grain weight among native cultivars and hybrids and analyze the genetic advance in grain yield of highland maize. There were evaluated two native cultivars (Ixtlahuaca and Jiquipilco), two ancient hybrid (H-30 and H-32) and two modern (Z- 60 and H-40), in four contrasting environments, varying planting date (OD: optimal 2/4/09 and LD: late 30/04/09) and production systems (AS: ancient 5 plants m -2 , 80N-40P-00K and MS: modern 8 plants m -2 , 180N-90P-60K), in 2009 in Toluca, Mexico. There were significant differences between genotypes and environments for maximum grain weight (MGW), grain yield (GY) and its major components, without GxA interaction effects. Variations in the MGW were mainly explained by changes in the grain filling rate (GFR). In the OD, native cultivars showed higher MGW and maximum water content in the grain (MWCG) due to increased RGF. The potential capacit...
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is native to Mexico, in which wide genetic diversity can be found; however, maize is at risk of genetic erosion, and agroforestry systems (ASs) can be a strategy for conservation and sustainable use of this crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in the morpho-agronomic characteristics of three native maize races, Tuxpeño, Olotillo × Tuxpeño and Ratón × Tepecintle, cultivated in different AS in a tropical climate of Veracruz, Mexico, as well as its association with microclimatic conditions. In 2019, experiments were established in the localities La Gloria and La Luisa, Veracruz, where the three maize races are cultivated, in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme (three native maize races and three AS arrrays, plus monoculture). Ten morpho-agronomic variables were recorded in each experiment and were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA; Tukey’s post-hoc test, all p ≤ 0.05) and principal c...
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This study aimed to estimate and compare parameters of adaptability and stability for maize grain yield in a variety of environments by different projection methods. Data from experiments on 36 maize genotypes, in simple lattice 6x6, in 2012/13 season performed at nine growing locations in central Brazil were used. Adaptability and stability analyses were performed using the methods of Lin & Binns (1988) with decomposition, MHPRVG through REML/BLUP, AMMI-Biplot, and GGE-Biplot analysis. These methods have similarities in terms of genotype ordering but differ in precision and amount of information provided on genotype-environment (GxE) interactions. When compared to GGE-Biplot, AMMI method retained a good percentage of the total square sum, based on pattern of GxE interaction. The method of Lin & Binns with decomposition is similar to MHPRVG, but these one is more accurate, practice and informative. MHPRVG and GGE-Biplot methods should be used together to select the most promising genotypes. The genotypes G5 and G8 can be recommended for cultivation in central Brazil due to their adaptability, stability, and yield.
Grain Yield and Stability of White Early Maize Hybrids in the Highland Valleys of Mexico
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I n Mexico, there is great interest in reducing maize (Zea mays L.) imports and satisfying maize demand with the country's own production in the coming years. To achieve this, it is necessary to increase maize productivity by giving farmers access to appropriate technologies, including strategic inputs such as improved seeds and fertilizers. In addition, maize production should also be diversified by producing specialty maize (pozolero, popcorn, green maize, and waxy maize, among others) in a range of colors: yellow, blue, black, red, and purple. For Mexico to achieve self-sufficiency in maize production, after 2017, grain yield (GY) should increase to ~4.5 Mg ha −1 , since demand is expected to be between 23.5 and 25.1 Tg annually. This goal is achievable in regions with unlimited agricultural resources and financial investments and where there are no problems such as soil, hail, or frost (among other abiotic factors) that limit the genetic yield potential of cultivars sown by farmers (FAO, 1993). Of the total area sown to maize in Mexico, 3.0 million ha are in the highland region of central Mexico, at altitudes ranging between 1800 and 3000 m asl. In the states of Hidalgo, Mexico, Puebla, and Tlaxcala, farmers plant mostly native varieties whose average grain production is <3.5 Mg ha −1. The main factor that limits grain production in this region is the poor stability that
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Development of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars with high grain protein and oil concentrations and an appropriate amino acid composition, without losses in grain yield, represents a challenge in breeding programs. The objective of this work was to study the nutritional quality of ten Brazilian maize populations evaluated in three environments. A randomized block design with six replications was used. Ear yield and the concentrations of protein, oil, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were evaluated. Individual and combined analyses of variance were performed. Populations diverged for most of the traits. Environmental effects influenced variation for most of the traits, unlike genotype-environment interaction, allowing the selection on the average of environments. Positive association exists among protein and most of the amino acids, when considered on a dry matter basis and there is no association between nutritional quality and yield; therefore, the de...
Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Maize
East African Journal of Sciences, 2008
Maize cultivars vary in their response to variable environmental conditions. Twenty maize cultivars were tested at nine locations in Ethiopia (1100-2240 masl) in randomized complete block design with three replications for two years to study the nature and magnitude of genotype x environment (G x E) interaction and phenotypic yield stability of the cultivars. Analysis of variance and stability analysis were computed. Variances due to genotypes, years, locations, genotype x year, genotype x location and genotype x year x location interaction were significant (P<0.01). Most of the cultivars had significant deviation mean square (S 2 di), implying that these cultivars had unstable performance across the testing environments. However, Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis showed Gibe-1 (mean yield, 7.40 t ha-1) had relatively stable performance across the environments. None of the cultivars were the best for grain yield in all environments. BH-660 (mean grain yield, 8.14 t ha-1) had a relatively good performance in the mid-to high-altitude (1650-2240 m above sea level) areas whereas BH-140 (mean grain yield, 6.65 t ha-1) had a good performance in the low-mid to mid-altitude (1100-1650 m above sea level) areas, indicating the possibility of developing specific cultivars adapted to mid-and high-or low-mid and mid-altitude areas. However, the top yielding cultivars at each maize agro-ecology were specifically adapted, indicating that, for high yield potential in each maize agro-ecology, a specific breeding program is necessary.