Chapter 3 Multiple pathways for signal transduction through the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (original) (raw)

Progress in Brain Research, 1990

Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the multiple pathways for signal transduction through the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR). There are three pharmacologically distinct mAChR subtypes, which appear to correspond to the receptors encoded by the M 1 , M 2 , and M 3 genes. The 1321N1 astrocytoma cell has muscarinic receptors that stimulate the cascade of responses typically associated with the actions of Ca 2+ -mobilizing hormones. The active isomer of InsP 3 is formed, Ca 2+ is released from intracellular stores, diacylglycerol is elevated, and protein base C is redistributed to the membrane. Two additional cellular responses are activated, apparently as a consequence of the activation of protein kinase C. First, mAChR stimulation increases the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by a phospholipase D, resulting in the formation of choline and phosphatidic acid. The choline formed from phosphatidylcholine (PC) is important in ACh synthesis under certain conditions. The second consequence of protein kinase C (PKC) activation described in the chapter is an increase in c-fos mRNA. The possibility that the increase in c-fos serves as a “third messenger” for the induction of other gene products, particularly growth factors that may be secreted from astrocytes when they are stimulated, are examined.

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