Effects of a 1% hydrocortisone conditioner on hematologic and biochemical parameters, adrenal function testing, and cutaneous reactivity to histamine in normal and pruritic dogs (original) (raw)
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Background – Long-term remission between flares of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) can be difficult to achieve. Therefore, additional strategic forms of treatment are needed in order to target flare prevention. The concept of proactive therapy is recommended in the European guidelines for the treatment of human atopic eczema. Objectives – To evaluate the efficacy of a proactive treatment regimen with a 0.0584% hydrocortisone ace-ponate (HCA) spray for CAD. Animals – Client-owned dogs with spontaneous atopic dermatitis (AD) (n = 41). Methods – This pilot study was conducted as a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial with an end-point of treatment failure. Dogs were treated once daily to remission, then randomly assigned to receive either the HCA spray (n = 21) or a placebo (n = 20) spray on two consecutive days each week. All dogs were on appropriate flea control. No topical or systemic anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial agents were permitted. Intention to treat analysis was used. Results – At Day 0, all the dogs were in remission or had mild AD based on their Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, version 3 (CADESI-03) scores. The time to relapse was significantly higher in the HCA group (median 115 d; range 31–260 d) compared to the placebo group (median 33 d; range 15–61 d) (P < 0.0001). No adverse events were attributable to the HCA spray. Four dogs were lost to follow-up and four were withdrawn after receiving prohibited medication. Conclusions and clinical importance – These results indicate that proactive long-term therapy of CAD with an HCA spray administered on two consecutive days each week is effective and well-tolerated.
Evaluation of Hair Cortisol in the Diagnosis of Hypercortisolism in Dogs
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2013
Background: Measurement of hair cortisol is a noninvasive technique used for several purposes in humans and in animals. Objectives: To measure hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism (HC) and determine whether it can represent a useful diagnostic test for this syndrome. Animals: Twenty-two dogs with spontaneous HC before treatment, 28 sick control dogs (SCD), and 40 healthy dogs. Methods: In this prospective, observational clinical study, the HCC was measured by an RIA assay after extraction in HC dogs, in dogs with other chronic diseases, and in healthy dogs. The diagnostic accuracy of HCC was evaluated by subjecting data from dogs with HC and dogs with other chronic diseases to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Median (range) cortisol concentration in dogs with HC was 4.53 pg/mg (0.32-74.62 pg/mg) and was significantly higher than in SCD (1.49 pg/mg, 0.13-14.19 pg/mg) and healthy dogs (1.28 pg/mg, 0.34-5.38 pg/mg). Within the 3 groups, there was a large overlap of HCC. The area under the ROC curve was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67-0.92). A cutoff value of HCC of 1.93 pg/mg revealed 91% sensitivity and 61% specificity to diagnose HC. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hair cortisol concentrations are higher in dogs with HC compared to SCD and healthy dogs. It is a noninvasive technique that should be further investigated as a possible diagnostic procedure for the diagnosis of HC in dogs.
Effects of vehicle and region of application on absorption of hydrocortisone through canine skin
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2005
The effects of the vehicles phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), ethanol (EtOH; 50% in PBS w/w) and propylene glycol (PG; 50% in PBS w/w) and the region of administration on in vitro transdermal penetration of testosterone was investigated in the dog. Skin was harvested from the thorax, neck (dorsal part) and groin regions of greyhounds after euthanasia and stored at À20°C until required. The skin was then de-frosted and placed into Franz-type diffusion cells which were maintained at approximately 32°C by a waterbath. Saturated solutions of testosterone, containing trace amounts of radiolabelled ( 14 C) testosterone, in each vehicle were applied to the outer (stratum corneum) surface of each skin sample and aliquots of receptor fluid were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 22 and 24 h and analysed for testosterone by scintillation counting.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Dogs with Hypercortisolism
IOSR Journals , 2019
Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is characterized by an increase the secretion of cortisol and/or other hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) is a steroid precursor synthesized from cholesterol; its evaluation in dogs with HAC receiving trilostane treatment may provide important information about the disease. This study assessed DHEA-S concentrations in dogs with ACTH-dependent HAC treated with trilostane to establish an alternate method of HAC diagnosis. Twenty-five dogs were divided into: group A (n = 6) included healthy dogs with no evidence of systemic disease; group B (n = 10) included dogs diagnosed with ACTH-dependent HAC; and group C included dogs with HAC treated with trilostane (n = 9). The dogs treated with trilostane had higher mean DHEA-S values than healthy dogs or dogs with untreated HAC. This result demonstrated the enzyme inhibition by trilostane in the cortisol and sexual hormone pathway.No significant differences were observed in the mean DHEA-S values among dogs in groups A and B, hence DHEA-S concentrations could not distinguish healthy animals from dogs with untreated HAC. We conclude that the measurement of DHEA-S is not a reliable method for the diagnosis of CAH, however other studies should be performed to elucidate its role in the therapeutic monitoring of dogs with CAH and to correlate their values with cortisol values.
Bonnes pratiques de l’utilisation des dermocorticoïdes en dermatologie canine
Pratique Médicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie, 2011
The authors make recommendations for the optimal use of topical glucocorticoids in routine practice based on their experience in canine dermatology and evidence from the literature. The rationale behind the use of topical glucocorticoids is recalled, as are the main factors to consider in the selection of the appropriate product from current therapeutic armamentarium, taking into account notably the anti-inflammatory power and side effects of glucocorticoid compounds, their percutenous penetration and absorption, as well as available veterinary presentations. The specific circumstances and instructions for use of topical glucocorticoids are developed in each of their main indications (atopic dermatitis, flea allergy dermatitis, pyotraumatic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, auto-immune dermatitis, perianal fistulas), as are recalled the limits to their use and potential side effects, underlining the need for proper education of the owner and good therapeutic monitoring of the patient.
Diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs: a survey of internists and dermatologists
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2002
Objective-To determine testing protocols used by board-certified internists and dermatologists for diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) in dogs. Design-Survey. Study Population-Board-certified internists and dermatologists. Procedure-A questionnaire was mailed to 501 specialists to gather information pertaining to diagnosis of HAC. Results-206 surveys were returned. Only 26% of respondents indicated they would screen a dog for HAC if the dog had only a few laboratory abnormalities consistent with HAC and no clinical signs consistent with the disease; 31% indicated they would not, and 43% indicated they would sometimes. Overall, 55% of respondents indicated they preferred to use the lowdose dexamethasone suppression test for routine screening of dogs suspected to have HAC. However, many respondents indicated they would use a different screening test than usual in particular circumstances. Sixty-eight percent of respondents indicated they would perform a second screening test for confirmation if results of an initial screening test were positive but there were few clinical or laboratory abnormalities consistent with HAC. Most respondents used some sort of test to differentiate pituitary-dependent HAC from HAC secondary to an adrenal tumor (AT), but no 1 test was clearly preferred. Ultrasonography was commonly used, whereas computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were not, even if available. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test is the test most commonly used to screen dogs for HAC but that other tests may be used in certain circumstances. A variety of tests were used to differentiate pituitary-dependent HAC from HAC secondary to an AT.
BMC Veterinary Research, 2013
Background: A randomized, unmasked, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the rate of pruritus reduction and improvement in clinical scoring by cyclosporine A (5 mg/kg orally, once daily for 28 days) either alone (n = 25 dogs) or with concurrent prednisolone (1 mg/kg once daily for 7 days, followed by alternate dosing for 14 days; n = 23 dogs) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Dogs were included in the study after exclusion of other causes of pruritic dermatitis, and were assessed by dermatologists on days 0, 14 ± 1 and 28 ± 2. Assessments included: general physical examination, CADESI-03 lesion scoring, overall clinical response, evaluation of adverse events (AEs), body weight and clinical pathology (hematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis). Owner assessments, including pruritus (visual analogue scale, VAS) and overall assessment of response were conducted every 3-4 days, either during visits to the clinic or at home. Owners reported AEs to the investigator throughout the study. Results: By day 28 ± 2 both treatment groups resulted in a significant improvement of the atopic dermatitis. Both investigators and owners agreed that concurrent therapy resulted in a quicker improvement of the dogs 'overall' skin condition and of pruritus (significant reduction of pruritus by day 3-4, 72.8% improvement by day 14 ± 1), when compared to cyclosporine A alone (significant reduction of pruritus by day 7-8, 24.7% improvement by day 14 ± 1). CADESI-03 scores significantly improved in both groups by day 14 ± 1 onwards, and there were no significant differences in the scores between treatment groups at any time points. A total of 56 AEs (cyclosporine A alone = 34; concurrent therapy = 22) were reported in 33 dogs. No dogs died or stopped treatment due to an AE. The most commonly reported AEs in the cyclosporine A group were associated with the digestive tract, whilst systemic disorders were reported more frequently observed following concurrent therapy. Evaluation of body weight change and clinical pathology indices showed no overall clinically significant abnormalities. Conclusions: In dogs with atopic dermatitis, a short initiating course of prednisolone expedited the efficacy of cyclosporine A in resolving pruritus and associated clinical signs. The observed adverse events were consistent with those expected for the individual veterinary medicinal products.
Veterinary Journal, 2012
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a large group of drugs used to treat a range of inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases in dogs. Glucocorticoids have been linked to disturbances in calcium metabolism and skeletal disorders in humans, yet their effects at therapeutically effective dosages in dogs with spontaneous diseases are poorly understood. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, vitamin D metabolites and plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone and ionised calcium together with urinary fractional excretion of calcium and phosphate, were measured in 16 dogs with atopic dermatitis before and 6 weeks after standard dosage prednisolone treatment (0.93-1.06 mg/kg) every other day after 7 days of treatment with the same dosage once daily. The severity of their physical signs, as assessed by the canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index version 3 (CADESI-03) and the Edinburgh Pruritus Scale (EPS), decreased in all dogs following prednisolone treatment. There was no significant difference in any of the biochemical parameters measured following prednisolone treatment. This study indicates that prednisolone, used at a therapeutically effective dose, has minimal impact on calcium metabolism in dogs with atopic dermatitis.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2015
Atopic dermatitis is a common allergic skin disease in dogs. Monitoring the progress of treatment and the assessment of the severity of disease symptoms are crucial elements of the treatment procedure. One of the common means of assessing the severity of the clinical signs of the disease is the CADESI 03. Research studies have pointed to a possibility of assessing the severity of skin lesions by means of measuring biophysical skin parameters such as TEWL, skin hydration and erythema intensity. The aim of the study was the assessment of changes in TEWL and CADESI values measured in ten different body regions during non-specific anti-pruritus treatment. The examination was performed on ten dogs with atopic dermatitis (age from 2.5 years to 7 years, mean age 3.8 years). The measurements were performed in the following body regions: the lumbar region, the right axillary fossa, the right inguinal region, the ventral abdominal region, the right lateral thorax region, the internal surface ...