On the Category of Religion: A Taxonomic Analysis of a Large-Scale Database (original) (raw)

The Database of Religious History is a large-scale digital humanities project dedicated to capturing scholarly perspectives on the history of religious groups across the globe. Analysis of the current state of the data shows a remarkable consistency between a taxonomic tree generated from the entries submitted by our expert contributors and larger assumptions within religious studies as they pertain to the similarities and differences between religious groups. Additionally, there is broad agreement between how experts answer questions and the tags they use to categorize their own entries, demonstrating a consistency between top-down and bottom-up approaches to describing religious groups. We see both of these results as affirming a commensurable understanding of the category of religion while demonstrating the value of these types of large-scale quantitative analyses for answering larger questions within the field.

Taxonomy Construction and the Normative Turn in Religious Studies, Religions 8: 1-15

Jonathan Z. Smith contends that a taxonomic agenda underlies the study of religion. Before Smith, structuralist scholars saw it as their task to uncover the roots of human taxonomic arrangements that present themselves as natural. Drawing somewhat anachronistically on Smith's taxonomic model, I argue that underlying investigative categories posed by structural anthropologists are operative strategies of subjective value and valuation. I employ Smith to amend structuralist classificatory paradigms and to speak to questions of normativity, values, and concealed agendas in the contemporary study of religion. Smith's comparative program serves as a fertile territory of encounter between divergent religious studies subfields. In short, I argue that although the normative turn in religious studies has generally succeeded in deconstructing appeals to scholarly objectivity, it faces challenges along other parameters.

The classification of religions and religious classifications: a genre approach to the origin of religions

Culture and Religion 16:4 (2015) 345-371. Scholars have long worried over the fact that the categories of religion that they bring to their scholarship imperfectly match folk classifications of the “same” religion. The more precisely we attempt to define a religion, the more the target seems to elude our grasp. Here I argue that by looking at religions through the lens of genre theory we can make more sense of both the ambiguities of classifications as well as the apparent uniformity assumed by scholars and practitioners at any given moment. Categories are nouns. The tack taken by a genre theory is to think of genres in a verbal sense as being performed (or not) by producers and distinguished (or not) by critics. When the emphasis shifts to actions and decisions made by individuals, we begin to address the variations and fluctuations that could not be accounted for when religious classes were understood as either objectively or analytically given. Moreover, when religious categories are simply taken as given, we have no way to talk about the origin of new categories (i.e., of new religions). Emphasizing the verbal aspect of producing and of criticizing, allows us to explain the origins of religions as the efforts of producers and critics working in tandem.

Faceted classification in support of diversity: the role of concepts and terms in representing religion

The Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 38, Issue 3, 2020

The paper examines the development of facet analysis as a methodology and the role it plays in building classifications and other knowledge-organization tools. The use of categorical analysis in areas other than library and information science is also considered. The suitability of the faceted approach for humanities documentation is explored through a critical description of the FATKS (Facet Analytical Theory in Managing Knowledge Structure for Humanities) project carried out at University College London. This research focused on building a conceptual model for the subject of religion together with a relational database and search-and-browse interfaces that would support some degree of automatic classification. The paper concludes with a discussion of the differences between the conceptual model and the vocabulary used to populate it, and how, in the case of religion, the choice of terminology can create an apparent bias in the system.

The Database of Religious History (DRH): Ontology, Coding Strategies and the Future of Cultural Evolutionary Analyses

Perhaps the biggest challenge facing designers of large-scale, cross-cultural databases is that ofontology, both in terms of defining the unit of analysis and the construction of an appropriateback-end architecture. These decisions are also impacted by the coding strategies adopted,envisioned users, and funding limitations. This article explores how one particular databaseproject, the Database of Religious History (DRH), has addressed these issues, the advantages anddrawbacks of the approaches adopted, and the potential of the DRH as a data resource forexploring the cultural evolution of religion.

Durkheim with Data: The Database of Religious History

Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 2017

This article introduces a new online, quantitative encyclopedia of religious cultural history, the Database of Religious History (DRH). The DRH aims to systematically collect information on past religious groups from around the world in a standardized form, providing a novel digital humanities resource for the religious studies community, a forum for scholarly debates, a pedagogical aid, and a platform for testing hypotheses about religious change over space and time. We employ the DRH project as a lens through which to view some larger intellectual issues surrounding the comparative study of religion, the role of functionalism and "big data" in the study of religion, the challenges of large-scale collaborative projects, and the future of science-humanities integration.

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