A flood risk assessment based on an OpenStreetMap application: a case study in Manmunai North Divisional Secretariat of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka (original) (raw)
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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection
The use of open-source data and tools in disaster exposure mapping is presented in this paper. Disaster exposure is a collection of the element at risk to potential loss. Gampaha divisional secretariat (DS) is a study area laid on the lower part of the Attanagalu Oya river basin. As the geospatial tools, Open-StreetMap (OSM), Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM), QGIS, GPS Essentials, and Open Map Kit (OMK) are used. The elements of disaster exposure, including the number of people or types of assets, are surveyed and inventoried using the OSM platforms. Local, national, and international agencies produce and evaluate the data. The study developed spatial data for building footprints of 165,000 households, street lengths of 2300 km, hospital units of 16, and utility units of 2300. This could overcome the main challenges of exposure mapping in the area. The procedure developed in the exposure mapping can be used in a data-sparse environment. Exposure mapping is generally used to estimate the impact of hazards or disasters, which are essential in effective disaster management. How are there still remaining challenges in disaster exposure mapping such as less awareness about the mapping procedure, lack of government support, internet access, hardware, and inability to understand the value of exposure mapping?
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, 2018
OpenStreetMap has become one of the open data sources used for humanitarian purpose in the last decade. This paper focus on mapping process and flood impact assessment using InaSAFE on exposure data in Surabaya provided by OSM. Key infrastructure mapping by of one of the OSM groups HOT ID in Surabaya has provided various lessons and benefits for Surabaya. These lessons learned are very useful to improve the quality of OSM infrastructure data intrinsic quality and data management, particularly data that related to key and vulnerable infrastructure in the field of disaster risk reduction.
Identifying Elements at Risk from OpenStreetMap: The Case of Flooding
Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference, 2014
The identification of elements at risk is an essential part in hazard risk assessment. Especially for recurring natural hazards like floods, an updated database with information about elements exposed to such hazards is fundamental to support crisis preparedness and response activities. However, acquiring and maintaining an up-to-date database with elements at risk requires both detailed local and hazard-specific knowledge, being often a challenge for local communities and risk management bodies. We present a new approach for leveraging Volunteered Geographic Information to identify elements at risk from the free and open-source mapping project OpenStreetMap. We present initial results from a case study in the city of Cologne, Germany, to validate our approach in the case of flood- hazard. Our results show that the identification of elements at flood risk from OpenStreetMap is a suitable and cost- effective alternative for supporting local governments and communities in risk assessment and emergency planning.
OpenStreetMap for the disaster management in Bangladesh
2011
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a world-wide campaign for developing open source maps. The prospect of such open source maps is very bright in commercial, educational and political points of views. With the burgeoning growth of mobile phones, the necessity of location based services is increasing day by day.
INFRASTRUCTURE MAPPING FOR POST FLOOD DISASTER MITIGATION IN PALA MUNCIPALITY AND NEARBY PANCHAYATHS
IRJET, 2022
This project is based on improving the existing disaster management system by reducing the post-disaster effects of flood in Pala municipality and nearby panchayaths. Using this people could easily get access to the information regarding rescue camps operating nearby in case of disasters like floods. The purpose is to map the necessary amenities in the region which witnessed intense rainfall for rescue workers, who may be unaware of the terrain, to reach the spot without delay. The correctly mapped buildings in the area can generate enough data to help the concerned authorities/ rescue team to navigate to the affected areas even in the worst situations. Our topic highlights the formidable impact of humanitarian mapping efforts such as post-disaster mapping campaigns to improve the spatial coverage of existing open geographic data and maps. The updated local maps in OSM can be accessed by the local people or the disaster management authorities of that area beforehand and can be used in an offline mode to navigate to the disaster-affected area in case of a sudden pandemic or natural calamity. Google map may prove to be good when it comes to urban areas, but when it comes to rural areas OSM can prove to be a lot more accurate. This is achieved due to its simplicity and ease of use is the main reason why OSM can opt as the primary map for post- disaster rescue works.
nbro.gov.lk
Flood is identified as one of the most frequent climate exacerbated disasters in Sri Lanka. Meteorological records reveal that the extreme rainfall events and frequent occurrence of floods is on increase over recent decades in most of the cities in Sri Lanka. The assessment of vulnerability in terms of temporal and spatial is identified as a prerequisite for adaptation planning, to make cities more resilient to climate change. The current information base related to flood hazard, which is produced by national agencies, is appropriate for decision-making at national and provincial levels but not at local level. Non-availability of reliable and reasonably accurate flow of information among all stakeholders at local level has hampered the development of cities as climate resilient to respond disasters. The production of flood hazard database for a city using conventional methods and approaches (engineering and surveying) is an expensive and time consuming task. In this context, this research has been carried out to test the applicability of Participatory GIS (PGIS) to produce acceptable and realistic flood maps to identify the flood risk for the city in shortest time period based on evidenced risk to respond climate exacerbated disasters. This paper demonstrates the use of PGIS methodology adapted to collect and integrate the community knowledge and the capability to develop reliable and realistic flood map database for their own city. The overall contribution of this work lies in demonstrating a grass-root level participatory approach to collect, analyze and demonstrate flood records for the development of a database to respond climate exacerbated disasters in the process of making climate resilient cities.
International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE)
In many countries where natural disasters often occur, such as Indonesia, information about the area affected by the disaster is very important. As in the transportation sector, road users must avoid affected areas and roads. To overcome this problem, in this paper we propose a Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify areas affected by natural disasters within a certain radius. We use a web-based and mobile platform to present an open access system. In addition, we utilize OpenStreetMap map data as a source of spatial database that is open, wide-scale, and complete. In the initial stage, polygon-shaped road data will be split in-to shorter line segments and stored in PostGIS Spatial DBMS. Furthermore, this system will automatically detect road segments that included within the radius of a natural disaster event. Displays of road segments affected by disasters will be accessible to users through web and mobile applications. In addition, we also test and evaluate our system in ...
Flood hazard mapping in Urban Council limit, Vavuniya District, Sri Lanka- A GIS approach
Several areas in the Vavuniya Urban Council (UC) are being experienced to inundate during every rainy seasons frequently, thus it is crucial to assess the flooding incidents in this area in order to derive the proper planning and policies to overcome the impacts this hazard. The objectives of this study were to analyze the flood prone areas and to produce flood hazard index map of the Vavuniya district in a GIS platform. The study area is Vavuniya UC which consists 11 GN divisions. Required secondary data were collected from the Vavuniya UC, meteorological department and disaster management centre of Sri Lanka. Flood hazard map was produced by using flood incidents, population density, flood prone areas in percentage and distance from river as variables. Knowledge based ranking system was exploited to produce flood hazard index. Each variable was assigned equal weights. The developed flood hazard map revealed that 2 GN divisions out of 11 in safer zone. While 9 GN divisions were in threat zone. In this context it is critical to develop appropriate preventive strategies in the flood prone zone to protect the people from potential disaster threat.
The Sketch Map Tool Facilitates the Assessment of OpenStreetMap Data for Participatory Mapping
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
A worldwide increase in the number of people and areas affected by disasters has led to more and more approaches that focus on the integration of local knowledge into disaster risk reduction processes. The research at hand shows a method for formalizing this local knowledge via sketch maps in the context of flooding. The Sketch Map Tool enables not only the visualization of this local knowledge and analyses of OpenStreetMap data quality but also the communication of the results of these analyses in an understandable way. Since the tool will be open-source and several analyses are made automatically, the tool also offers a method for local governments in areas where historic data or financial means for flood mitigation are limited. Example analyses for two cities in Brazil show the functionalities of the tool and allow the evaluation of its applicability. Results depict that the fitness-for-purpose analysis of the OpenStreetMap data reveals promising results to identify whether the s...