Determinants of Monetary Poverty Among Female-Headed Households in Benin (original) (raw)
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Analysis of the Determinants of Monetary Poverty Among Female-Headed Households in Benin
Social Science Research Network, 2005
This study investigates the impact of the gender of the household head on the determinants of monetary poverty in the Republic of Benin using data collected during the 1999 living standards measurement survey in the country's rural and urban areas. The results show that there has not been any feminization of poverty since 1995. In 1999, the incidence of poverty among female household heads was lower than that of their male-headed counterparts, but in some cities the poverty gap was higher. Based on these results, some suggestions are made in order to reduce the incidence of poverty in Benin.
The Determinants of Monetary Poverty among Female Heads of Households in Benin
2004
This study investigates the impact of the gender of heads of households on the determinants of monetary poverty in Benin, using data collected during the 1999 survey of living standards in rural and in urban areas. Results show that there has been no feminization of poverty as compared with 1995. In 1999, the incidence of poverty among female heads of household was lower than that of their male counterparts, though the level of poverty was higher in some cities. Based on these results, suggestions are offered with a view to reducing the incidence of poverty in Benin.
Gender and Education as Determinants of Household Poverty in Nigeria
2002
The paper examines the linkages between gender of household heads, education and household poverty in Nigeria between 1980 and 1996. Data analyzed were obtained from four national consumer expenditure surveys conducted in Nigeria in 1980, 1985, 1992 and 1996 by the Federal Office of Statistics. Adjustments were made for price differentials over time and across regions of the country. However, only aggregated data for households were available. Per capita expenditure was used as the indicator of poverty, while the unit of analysis was the household. Two poverty lines were set: a moderate poverty line equal to two-thirds of mean per capita household expenditure, and a core poverty line equal to one-third of mean per capita expenditure. The Pα index proposed by Foster, Greer and Thorbecke was used to generate the headcount ratio as well as the depth and severity of poverty. Trends in inequality were analyzed using Gini coefficients and the Theil's index. Multivariate analysis was ...
Socio-Demographic Determinants of Poverty in Nigeria and its Gender Differentials
Poverty reduction is one of the greatest challenges facing international community and it is an invaluable requirement for sustainable development. This study was conducted to empirically examine the influence of socioeconomic as well as demographic variables on households' vulnerability to social exclusion or deprivation with more emphasis on gender inequality. The study employed binary probit regression analysis of poverty as well as Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to examine factors responsible for inequality with respect to socioeconomic fortunes among Nigerian households. Evidence from the study revealed that socio-demographic variables as well as labor characteristics are strong determinants of poverty in the country, and the findings confirmed to the theoretical propositions on causes of poverty. However, empirical results from the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition show that female headed households are more disadvantaged in terms of socioeconomic deprivation than the male headed households. The study concluded by presenting concluding remarks and policy implications for policymakers toward poverty reduction in Nigeria.
2016
The study examines income inequality and poverty among women in rural Akinyele local government area, Ibadan Oyo state Nigeria. The study area was chosen because of the considerable high population of women and their involvement in different profession. Multistage sampling technique was employed, the first stage was to purposively select Akinyele local government, the second stage was systematic random selection of 5 wards out of the 12 wards of the local government and finally randomly select 30 respondents from the 5 different wards. The data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview schedules. The analytical tools used in this study are descriptive statistics with tables, frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation to analyze, describe and summarize socioeconomic or demographic variables.The Foster- Greer- Thorbecke (FGT) was used to assess the poverty status of the respondent while the Gini coefficient was used to determine the income inequality status of the respondent in the study area.The Logistic and Tobit regression model was adopted to empirically determine the socio-economic characteristics that determine poverty and income inequality index respectively of the respondents. The result of the descriptive analysis shows that 92.7% of the women in the study area are married; most of them are educated with secondary school level of education having the higher percentage (42.7%). Studies also show that the women are engaged in different profession with trading (44.7%) having the highest percentage of all occupation. It is also evident that most women in the study area don’t have a secondary occupation. The result of the Logit shows that marital status,years of formal education, household size, amount received from primary education, had significant effect on the poverty status of the respondents; While the Tobit regression shows that household size and amount received from primary occupation determines income inequality, income inequality is highest among respondents whom are civil servants.The study recommends that Educational standards of women should be improved by improving the quality of education, expanding secondary and higher education training for women.
Despite the wide believe that income inequality and poverty differ among the female and male headed households in Africa, very few studies have been conducted to empirically substantiate this. Therefore, this study assessed income inequality and poverty in rural Nigeria from a gender perspective. The study revealed that income was more evenly distributed among the female headed households than the male counterparts. Poverty incidence, depth and severity were higher among the male headed households than the female counterparts. Number of dependants and household size were the variables that significantly increased the probability of falling below the poverty line among the respondents. Access to credit and contact with extension agents had significant poverty reducing effects. It is recommended that more family planning awareness should be created, there should be social security particularly for the female headed households with large number of dependants, constraints limiting farme...
Dynamic Modelling Of Poverty among Female-Headed/Female- Maintained Households in Nigeria
IOSR Journals , 2019
The issue of female poverty has gained prominence among researchers and policy makers alike culminating into the concept of feminization of poverty. This concept describes a phenomenon in which women represent a disproportionate percentage of the world's poor. A more serious concern however relates to how female headship of a household contributes to feminization of poverty. Some of the factors responsible for female headship include, but are not limited to male migration, the deaths of males in civil conflicts and wars, un-partnered adolescent fertility and family disruption. In other words, a woman may become the head of the household if she is divorced, widowed, or separated or a single unwedded mother and the extent of poverty may differ across these types of female headed households (FHHs). This study, therefore, seeks to broadly model poverty among the different FHHs in Nigeria. One of the outcomes of this study is to establish and document empirically, factors driving high poverty rates among FHHs and whether the nature of FHH matters when dealing with poverty feminization. The Gini coefficients of income are then estimated using an existing data from NBS and the Lorenz curve. Suggestions for the reduction and eventual eradication from generation to generation of extreme poverty among FHHs are proffered.
Are female-headed households typically poorer than male-headed households in Nigeria?
The Journal of Socio-Economics, 2013
The first Millennium Development Goal (MDG) seeks to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by year 2015. Targeting interventions to achieve this goal is important because institutions have limited resources and would thus require to know how best to deploy these resources to combat poverty. The relationship between gender and poverty may indicate a targeting strategy for poverty reduction. However, empirical evidences are quite equivocal. This study therefore sought to determine if FHHs are poorer than MHHs in Nigeria using wealth index as a poverty measure. We analysed the household data from the last Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2008 NDHS) which is a nationally representative survey of 34,070 households in the country. Using binary logistic regression for our multivariate analysis, we found FHHs less likely to be poor than MHHs contrary to the claim in the 2008 NDHS Report. We therefore suggest that without neglecting FHHs, poverty-reduction interventions should be focussed more on MHHs which are more predominant in the country in order to reach more of the poor in the country.
A gender analysis of determinants of poverty among rural farming households in Nigeria
The study identifies the determinants of poverty among male and female-headed households in Kwara State using a randomly selected 510 representative farming households. Descriptive statistics, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke class of poverty indices as well as Tobit regression model were used as analytical tools. The robustness of the estimated Tobit parameters were also verified using stochastic dominance analysis. The results of the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty measures show that the female-headed households were poorer than their male-headed counterparts. At varied poverty lines of 70-145% of the estimated line, the female-headed households were also poor. The different determinants of poverty for the two categories of households were among others, household size, highest educational attainment of the household heads and membership of cooperative society. The study recommends that poverty reduction strategies in the study area should be gender specific and should focus mainly on variables that influence the poverty status of each category of households.