Slope stability assessment along the Haibat Sultan main road, Koya, Kurdistan (original) (raw)
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Slope Stability Analysis of Haibat Sultan Road Cut, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Using a Field Method
Iraqi geological journal, 2021
The road that crosses the Haibat Sultan Mountain in the northern part of Iraq; is one of the dangerous roads in this region. To perform a slope stability analysis for the dangerous parts of the road, we have used Bejerman's Method. We have reviewed satellite images of the road and all those potential areas were checked in the field; accordingly, eleven stations were recognized. Landslide Possibility Index was determined at the studied stations following Bejerman's field method. The road climbs the southern face (dip slope) of the mountain through very hard carbonate rocks of the Pila Spi Formation, where the bedding planes daylight in the slope face near the road cuts. This produced many large landslides. Along the northern face of the mountain, the road runs through soft clastic rocks where joint planes in the rock mass intersect and daylight in the slope face near the road cut. In order to prevent future wedge failures, a 30 m offset was created from the toe of the slope to the road. In almost all cases, the Landslide Possibility Index indicated a moderate to very high likelihood for failure along all road cuts.
Slope Stability Problems Along the Main Roads in the Kurdistan Region
Academic Journal of Nawroz University, 2018
The Kurdistan Region is covered by the relevant net of roads. Since the major parts of the Kurdistan Region are mountainous; therefore, the majority of them are in snake curve form. Construction of roads in mountainous areas will destroy the natural slopes, and when not treated; then different types of landslides will occur. Accordingly, the unstable slopes will cause a lot of risk to the traffic along the roads; endangering the driving along those roads; especially during winter season, and during and/ or shortly after heavy rain showers. The majority of the roads in the Kurdistan Region are planned, designed and constructed without considering the geological conditions, which include four parameters: 1) Type of the rocks and soils, 2) Dip direction and amount, 3) Intensity of joint planes, and 4) Weathering grade of the rocks. These are not considered due to: 1) Cost, 2) Construction’s duration, 3) Choosing easier paths, 4) Absence of experience, 5) Absence of modern technology, 6...
Slope Stability Assessment of Korre Village Landslide, SW of Shaqlawa Town, the Kurdistan Region
UKH journal of science and engineering, 2018
Potentially unstable slopes present hazards and pose risks to the traveling public, to the transportation infrastructures, to local economies, and to the environment. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the landslide hazards along Permam-Shaqlawa main road employing the landslide possibility index (LPI) proposed by Bejerman (1994; 1998). The LPI values along with the hazard category were applied to three stations along the above-mentioned main road at Korri village. The raw data for determining the LPI and hazard category were obtained from field observations and measurements. The obtained data involved the study of 10 main characteristic features encompassing geological, structural, hydrological, and geomorphologic conditions of the area under study. Further, soil samples were obtained from the study area for conducting some selected geotechnical properties for interpretation of the obtained results. With no exceptions, all road cut slopes have adverse factors that contribute to create potentially unsafe ground above the main road. The results also indicated that the possibility of failures is high at each station. The causal factors for a landslide in the study area were also presented. In addition, the remedial measures for study slope locations are suggested based on the degree of possibility of failure and field observations.
Stability of slope along steep road in Abha, Asir Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Warta Geologi
Slope stability plays a vital role in steep mountainous slopes. The main aim of this study is to investigate the slope stability of an area located along a steep road in Abha, Asir Region, Saudi Arabia using numerical simulation software-FLAC-3D. The area is frequently facing problems of slope failure due to various factors, including heavy rainfall, faulting planes, shear zones, weak rocks, narrow road sections with horizontal and vertical curves, and anthropogenic activities as well. The geotechnical parameters required as input data is determined from laboratory testing. From the analysis it was observed that the maximum displacement computed in the slope in the x-direction is 0.0162 m and the specific maximum displacement computed in the slope in the z-direction is 0.166 m. The analysis of XX stress shows that the tensile stress occurred along the top of the slope and its value is 45.68 kPa. While analysis of YY stress shows that the tensile stress occurred along the top of the slope and its value is 15.43 kPa. Similarly, it can be seen from the figure of ZZ stress contour that the tensile stress occurred along the top of the slope with value of 15.75 kPa. It was observed that negligible deformation occurred in the y-direction. The places at which the value of factor of safety showed less than one confirms instability.
Research Square (Research Square), 2022
There are many hazardous roads in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR) which traverse through mountainous terrains. One of these roads was selected for a geotechnical assessment in this paper. The road crosses the Haibat Sultan Mountain, north of Koya town in IKR; it is one of the most dangerous roads in this region. Annually, tra c is blocked by various types of slope failures along this road. There are numerous observed examples where bedding planes in the slope face daylight next to the road. To assess the road geotechnically, several stations of the Haibat Sultan Crossing road were studied to determine their stability using the Kinematic Analysis Method. A total of 11 stations were identi ed with the highest potential for slope failure. It was determined that only four stations (Nos. 4, 5, 7 and 9) could be evaluated using kinematic analyses. The kinematic analyses for the four stations were performed using DipAnalyst 2.0 software. The analyses identi ed the potential failure areas and their factors of safety (F.S.). The factors of safety at these four stations were calculated and ranged between 0.66-0.85 indicating unstable slopes. Based on this information, remedial measures were recommended at these locations and along associated sections of the road.
Iraqi Geological Journal, 2020
The study of slope stability along the proposed Lerabire road in the Mergasur town, in Erbil city, Kurdistan region of NE-Iraq is carried out. To evaluate the stability of slopes, twenty stations were selected along the mentioned road, two stations in the rock slopes of the Shiranish Formation, eleven stations in the Bekhme Formation, six stations in the Qamchuqa Formation, and one station in the Sarmord Formation. In this study, the stability of rock slopes has been evaluated by the Landslide Possibility Index system. The results of the Landslide Possibility Index category in the rock slopes along the proposed Lerabire road ranges from a very low to low for rock slopes in stations 1 and 2 (marl and marly limestone of the Shiranish Formation, Moderate for rock slopes in stations 3, 4 and 19 (limestone of the Bekhme Formation), High for rock slopes in the stations 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 (limestone of the Bekhme Formation), stations 12, 17 (limestone and marly limestone of the Qamchuqa...
The Kombolcha to Dessie Road, linking Addis Ababa with Northern Ethiopia towns traverses through one of the most difficult mountainous ranges in Ethiopia. Slope instability problems in the form of rock fall, rotational failure of colluvial material and debris slides are the common events in the area on the sides of the main road. The presence of loose unconsolidated materials (colluvial materials), highly weathered and fractured basalt rocks high relief, steep natural slopes, nature of geologic formations exposed along the road section, poor drainage conditions, occurrence of high seasonal rains, and seismically active. Slope instability along Komobolcha and Dessie Road is becoming serious problem due to thepresence of loose unconsolidated materials (colluvial materials), highly weathered and fractured basalt rocks, high relief, steep natural slopes, nature of geologic formations exposed along the road section, poor drainage conditions, occurrence of high seasonal rains, and seismically active nature of the region. For these reasons, present study was conceived and detailed slope stability analysis of selected critical slope sections was made nature of the region created favorable condition for slope instability in the area.
Assessment of Slope Instability and Risk Analysis of Road Cut Slopes in Lashotor Pass, Iran
Journal of Geological Research, 2014
Assessment of the stability of natural and artificial rock slopes is an important topic in the rock mechanics sciences. One of the most widely used methods for this purpose is the classification of the slope rock mass. In the recent decades, several rock slope classification systems are presented by many researchers. Each one of these rock mass classification systems uses different parameters and rating systems. These differences are due to the diversity of affecting parameters and the degree of influence on the rock slope stability. Another important point in rock slope stability is appraisal hazard and risk analysis. In the risk analysis, the degree of danger of rock slope instability is determined. The Lashotor pass is located in the Shiraz-Isfahan highway in Iran. Field surveys indicate that there are high potentialities of instability in the road cut slopes of the Lashotor pass. In the current paper, the stability of the rock slopes in the Lashotor pass is studied comprehensive...
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Earth Sciences, 2009
The highway between Aswan and Cairo on the eastern bank of the Nile Valley is one of the most used highways in Egypt, connecting most of the governorates with each other. It represents the backbone of Egyptian transportation and commercial traffic. This Highway passes through a two kilometer section of rock cut located 20 km north of New Assiut city. Serious stability and rock fall issues have been recognized in this section in the past few years.
Stability of Rock Slopes along Raidah Escarpment Road, Asir Area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Journal of Geography and Geology, 2012
The Raidah Escarpment road is located north west of Abha city, Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This escarpment road represents an important corridor in the area which connects different villages and tourist resorts with each other. The total length of this road section is about 9 km which passes through a highly mountainous area. The road also passes through areas of different geological hazards (rock, debris flow, soil, and weathered zones). The different environmental factors (e.g. intensive rainy summer), variable geological and structural elements (weak rocks, slide debris weak soils, shear zones, and faults) difficult road characteristics (narrow roads with tight horizontal andvertical curvature) and various human activities in the area make the road susceptible to frequent slope failures (rockfalls, rock sliding, debris flow, soil slides, and raveling) from time to time. This paper deals with the evaluation of the stability of the rock cuts along the Raidah escarpment road using two methods including a structural controlled method and a raveling type method.