HVDC & FACTS (original) (raw)

A Review on Fundamentals of HVDC Transmission

This paper deals with the basic knowledge for engineers to study about the need for HVDC transmission, applications, advantages, disadvantages, types and basic components of HVDC transmission. In addition, a review was given on the recent trends in HVDC transmission. The advantages of thyristor valves were discussed. The drawbacks of mercury arc valves were also indicated in this paper. This paper discusses only the basic fundamentals of HVDC. The first HVDC link in the world was indicated in this review paper.

Comparative Evaluation of HVDC and HVAC Transmission Systems

2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007

Alternating current (AC) is the main driving force in the industries and residential areas, but for the long transmission line (more than 400 miles) AC transmission is more expensive than that of direct current (DC). Technically, AC transmission line control is more complicated because of the frequency. DC transmission does not have these limitations, which has led to build long HVDC transmission lines over the last 40 years. HVDC technology made possible to transfer bulk power over long distances. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of HVDC and HVAC transmission systems.

Comparative study of HVAC and HVDC transmission systems

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016

Transport of energy over long distances from remote natural sources to consumers in big cities requires technical, economic and environmental considerations. Uncertain wind flow, sunshine, faults and communication failures can compromise system safety, reliability, power quality during small signal and large scale power system oscillations. HVAC systems tackle power swing issue by electrical islanding protection schemes which would need to be revised for integrated AC/DC systems. Advent of DC transformers, CSC-HVDC, VSC-HVDC and MMC-HVDC technologies have enabled the enhancement of power delivery and integration of renewable energy sources under smart grid vision. HVDC transmission lines are recognized as an efficient alternative to HVAC lines. HVAC system power transfer capability is limited by reactance, whereas HVDC lines can be loaded up to the conductor thermal limit. This paper reviews power transfer capabilities of HVAC, HVDC and High Phase Order (HPO) HVAC lines to compare their relative performance under diverse conditions. Techno-economic analysis of converting existing AC lines into DC lines is presented. High voltage race has been analyzed in context of environmental concerns and HVDC transmission systems are concluded to be the right path to energy transition.

HVAC VS HVDC Power System: Contemporary Development In HVAC And HVDC Power Transmission System

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2021

The ability to transfer power in HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) system has undergone limitation by reactance when compared with the fact that systems of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) can be accumulated to thermal limitation of the conductor. The transfer of power capabilities in HVDC and HVAC systems are compared with reference to their performance in different situations. Technological analysis conversion of existing alternating current (AC) lines into direct current (DC) lines is being presented, the race of high voltage is being analyzed in environmental consideration context and HVDC systems of transmission are the appropriate path to energy transition in conclusion.

Transmission and Distribution Networks: AC versus DC

The fast development of power electronics based on new and powerful semiconductor devices has led to innovative technologies, such as HVDC, which can be applied to transmission and distribution systems. The distribution voltage level is smaller than the transmission one, thus the power electronics are less expensive in distribution. The technical and economical benefits of this technology represent an alternative to the application in AC systems. Some aspects, such as deregulation in the power industry, opening of the market for delivery of cheaper energy to customers and increasing the capacity of transmission and distribution of the existing lines are creating additional requirements for the operation of power systems. HVDC offer major advantages in meeting these requirements.

Why And Why Not To Go For HVDC

Talking about the expansion taking place in power of electronic apparatus, a noteworthy influence has been put up by the evolution of high-power and high-voltage semiconductor technology. Complete or partial deregulated networks have used this approach in order to carry out management and other efficient operations related to electrical grids. High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) transmission of power as well as the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) has advanced forward to fit in the futuristic aspects. In this paper, we have presented a brief as well as deep overview of aspects related to HVDC which can help to decide whether to go for HVDC or for any other option. Firstly, history of the HVDC is discussed which is followed by the introduction of different types of links used by HVDC. The key factors which need to focused upon while taking the any decision related to transmission systems is then explained by analyzing and considering the conceptual, economical, environmental and technical perspectives. Reasons for why and why not to go for HVDC are then presented. It squabbles that HVAC can take a back seat in some scenarios whereas HVDC will stand the test of futuristic challenges as the emphasized advantages of HVDC will always turn out to be winners as compared to its disadvantages. Some of major HVDC transmission systems and HVDC application areas are explained. The paper concludes by pinpointing the open future research challenges related to this technology.

An Overview of HVDC Power Transmission System with Voltage Source Converter

A general platform is introduced to study thedynamics of power systems with high voltage dc (HVDC) transmission links. Small-signal stability, voltage stability, and interaction phenomena of power systems with both line-commutated-converter HVDC (LCC-HVDC) and voltage-source-converter HVDC (VSC-HVDC) are addressed using the proposed platform. In quest of high efficiency, power density and problems of bulk power transmission over long distance, requirement of full control over power transmission and growing interest to incorporate renewable energy source into the grid has led to develop a new era of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system. The researchers have developed many new HVDC configurations and voltage source converter (VSC) based HVDC transmission is one of them. Their high efficiency, compact size, high reliability, short installation and commissioning period and low operating and maintenance cost make it suitable choice for HVDC transmission. The HVDC system with power converter acts as a backbone and provides high reliability with a long useful life to support the AC electrical system. The power conversion i.e. AC to DC or vice versa is achieved by controllable electronic switches in a 3-phase bridge configuration.The wide spread use of AC-DC converters for various applications has resulted in power quality pollution leading to failure of sensitive equipments, reduced efficiency, etc.

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)Transmission Systems Technology Review Paper

Synopsis Beginning with a brief historical perspective on the development of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems, this paper presents an overview of the status of HVDC systems in the world today. It then reviews the underlying technology of HVDC systems, and discusses the HVDC systems from a design, construction, operation and maintenance points of view. The paper then discusses the recent developments in HVDC technologies. The paper also presents an economic and financial comparison of HVDC system with those of an AC system; and provides a brief review of reference installations of HVDC systems. The paper concludes with a brief set of guidelines for choosing HVDC systems in today's electricity system development.

FACTS and HVDC Technologies for the

2011

The fast development of power electronics based on new and powerful semiconductor devices has led to innovative technologies, such as high voltage dc transmission (HVDC) and flexible ac transmission system (FACTS), which can be applied in transmission and distribution systems. This paper has discussed the application of high voltage power electronics FACTS and HVDC controllers, needs of advance FACTS and HVDC based control for future power system and enhancing system stability and its development. HVDC and FACTS offer major advantages in meeting these requirements. Keywords—Flexible ac transmission system FACTS), High-voltage dc transmission (HVDC), FACTS devices, Power system development and reliability, power system controllers