Tomentellopsis rosannae sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Thelephorales), first species in the genus described from the Southern Hemisphere (original) (raw)
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On Sistotremastrum and similar-looking taxa (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota)
Mycological Progress
The taxonomy of Sistotremastrum (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota) is revised based on morphology and DNA data. The genus is shown to be polyphyletic, and therefore it is split into two units—Sistotremastrum s. str. and Sertulicium, gen. nov. (typified with Corticium niveocremeum). Sistotremastrum s. str. is retained for eleven species of which eight are described as new while Sertulicium encompasses at least six species, including one new to science. Both of these genera are only distantly related to other representatives of the Trechisporales. Additionally, a new poroid neotropical species, Porpomyces abiens (Hydnodontaceae), is described as morphologically similar to some members of Sistotremastrum s. str.
Mycological Progress, 2012
Tomentella amyloapiculata and T. agbassaensis are described as new species within the genus Tomentella based on materials we collected in the West African, northern Guinean seasonal forests. We used a combination of anatomical characters, sequence analyses and phylogenetic inference of 71 ITS rDNA sequences to characterise the two new species. Anatomically, T. amyloapiculata is characterised by simple septate brown to dark brown, thick-walled subicular and subhymenial hyphae and triangular to slightly lobed brown basidiospores (in frontal view), with isolate aculei of 1-2 μm. Phylogenetically, T. amyloapiculata forms a sister species of T. fuscocinerea with a moderate bootstrap support of 70%. T. amyloapiculata deviates from T. fuscocinerea by 10.07-11.73% in their sequence similarities. As far as T. agbassaensis is concerned, it clusters phylogenetically together with T. bryophila with a strong bootstrap support of 99%. The species is characterised by slightly differentiated rhizomorphs with yellowish hyphae, clamped, thick-walled and yellow to dark yellow subicular hyphae and pale yellow, small basidiospores of 6-8(8.5) μm with aculei of up to 0.5 μm. Both new species deviated from each other by 11.0-11.60% with regard to the ITS rDNA nucleotides.
Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota
Fungal Diversity, 2019
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406-430 Mya, classes are 211-383 Mya, and orders are 99-323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylo-genetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27-178 Mya, Puccin-iomycotina from 85-222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79-177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
Species diversity of Basidiomycota
Fungal Diversity, 2022
Fungi are eukaryotes that play essential roles in ecosystems. Among fungi, Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla with more than 40,000 described species. We review species diversity of Basidiomycota from five groups with different lifestyles or habitats: saprobic in grass/forest litter, wood-decaying, yeast-like, ectomycorrhizal, and plant parasitic. Case studies of Agaricus, Cantharellus, Ganoderma, Gyroporus, Russula, Tricholoma, and groups of lichenicolous yeast-like fungi, rust fungi, and smut fungi are used to determine trends in discovery of biodiversity. In each case study, the number of new species published during 2009-2020 is analysed to determine the rate of discovery. Publication rates differ between taxa and reflect different states of progress for species discovery in different genera. The results showed that lichenicolous yeast-like taxa had the highest publication rate for new species in the past two decades, and it is likely this trend will continue in the next decade. The species discovery rate of plant parasitic basidiomycetes was low in the past ten years, and remained constant in the past 50 years. We also found that the establishment of comprehensive and robust taxonomic systems based on a joint global initiative by mycologists could promote and standardize the recognition of taxa. We estimated that more than 54,000 species of Basidiomycota will be discovered by 2030, and estimate a total of 1.4-4.2 million species of Basidiomycota globally. These numbers illustrate a huge gap between the described and yet unknown diversity in Basidiomycota.
Phytotaxa, 2013
As part of a larger systematic and taxonomic revision, including molecular phylogenetic analysis, of lichenized Basidiomycota in the Dictyonema clade, ten species are described as new from tropical America, seven in the foliose genus Cora and three in the filamentous genus Dictyonema: Cora arachnoidea J. E. Hern. & Lücking, sp. nov., C. aspera Wilk, Lücking & E. Morales, sp. nov., C. byssoidea Lücking & Moncada, sp. nov., C. cyphellifera Dal-Forno, Bungartz & Lücking, sp. nov., C. inversa Lücking & Moncada, sp. nov., C. squamiformis Wilk, Lücking & Yánez-Ayabaca, sp. nov., C. strigosa Lücking, E. Paz & L. Salcedo, sp. nov., Dictyonema aeruginosulum Lücking, Nelsen & Will-Wolf, sp. nov., D. diducens Nyl. ex Lücking, sp. nov., D. metallicum Lücking, Dal-Forno & Lawrey, sp. nov., and D. obscuratum Lücking, Spielmann & Marcelli, sp. nov. We discuss the taxonomic status of the six names historically established for species belonging in the genus Cora and reinstate the names C. gyrolophia...
Mycoscience, 2023
Hachijo Island (known locally as Hachijo-jima), located 287 km south of Tokyo, Japan (33°06ʼN, 139°47ʼE), is a small volcanic oceanic island and part of the Izu Islands. The climate is humid subtropical. In Aug 2010 and Sep 2011, the authors collected several specimens of an undescribed corticoid fungus on dead petioles of Livistona chinensis R. Br. ex Mart. var. subglobosa (Hassk.) Becc. (Arecaceae) planted in gardens and along roadsides at several sites on the island (Supplementary Fig. S1). This fungus is morphologically similar to taxa of Aleurodiscus Rabenh. ex J. Schröt. and related genera (Basidiomycota, Russulales, Stereaceae), except in its basidiospore morphology, which is clearly distinct. Here we describe the fungus as a new species of Aleurodiscus and discuss its phylogenetic position and ecological features. The color and con guration of the hymenial surface and marginal zone were noted based on fresh and dried specimens. In the description, color names in quotation marks refer to Rayner (1970). For microscopic observations, a piece of a dried specimen was sectioned vertically using a razor blade. Sections were mounted in 3% (w/v) KOH, Melzer's reagent (Weresub, 1953), sulphobenzaldehyde reagent (SA) (Boidin, 1951), and distilled water. Microscopic elements of the basidiomata were drawn using a drawing tube (Y-IDT, Nikon Imaging, Tokyo, Japan) attached to the microscope (Eclipse Ni, Nikon Imaging). For each taxonomic element of each specimen, 20 measurements were usually made in Melzer's reagent. Basidiospore surface structure was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SU1510, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) under 5 kV accelerating voltage, using dried specimens. Procedures for rehydrating, xing, dehydrating, critical-point drying and sputter coating of the specimens followed Endo et al. (2019). The specimens and cultures examined in this study are deposited at the Tottori University Mycological Herbarium (TUMH) and the fungal culture collection (TUFC), respectively, in the Fungus/Mushroom Re
Delimitation of species and the search for a proper threshold for defining phylogenetic species in fungi are under discussion. In this study, morphological and molecular data are correlated to delimit species of Tulasnella, the most important mycobionts of Orchidaceae, which suffer from poor taxonomy. Resupinate basidiomata of Tulasnella species were collected in Ecuador and Germany, and 11 specimens (seven from Ecuador, four from Germany) were assigned to traditional species concepts by use of morphological keys. The specimens were compared by micro-anatomical examination with 75 specimens of Tulasnella borrowed from fungaria to obtain better insights on variation of characters. Sequences of the ITS region (127) were obtained after cloning from the fresh basidiomata and from pure cultures. Proportional variability of ITS sequences was analyzed within and among the cultures and the specimens designated to different morphospecies. Results suggested an intragenomic variation of less than 2%, an intraspecific variation of up to 4% and an interspecific divergence of more than 9% in Tulasnella. Cryptic species in Tulasnella, mostly from Ecuador, were revealed by phylogenetic analyses with 4% intraspecific divergence as a minimum threshold for delimiting species. Conventional diagnostic morphological characters appeared insufficient for species characterization. Arguments are presented for molecular delimitation of the established species Tulasnella albida, T. asymmetrica, T. eichleriana, T. cf. pinicola, T. tomaculum and T. violea.
Austro-American lignocellulolytic basidiomycetes (Agaricomycotina): new records
Mycotaxon, 2010
A survey of lignolytic basidiomycetes from Mondaí (27º06'16"S, 53º24'07"W) in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina has revealed nine previously unrecorded species: Dacryopinax elegans, Cotylidia aurantiaca, Hymenochaete rubiginosa, Inonotus rickii, Phellinus rhytiphloeus, Echinoporia aculeifera, Oxyporus obducens, Amauroderma sprucei, and Pseudofavolus miquelii. Comments about the species and illustrations are provided.
Phylogeography of Hyphoderma setigerum (Basidiomycota) in the Northern Hemisphere
Mycological Research, 2003
Previous studies of morphological variation in the homobasidiomycete Hyphoderma setigerum have lead to suspicions of a species complex. This study explores variation in DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS region of 45 specimens from America, Asia, and Europe in a phylogeographic context. Based on molecular analysis, morphological studies, and crossing tests, nine preliminary taxa are shown to exist inside the species complex, and the two previously described segregate species H. subsetigerum and H. nudicephalum are confirmed. The molecular analysis shows evidence of allopatric differentiation over intercontinental distances. Only one of the nine well-supported clades has a geographic distribution spanning more than one continent, probably indicating the importance of vicariance in the evolution of this species complex. The basionym of H. setigerum, Thelephora setigera, is neotypified to fix the application of that name.