Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Albanian Version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) (original) (raw)
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Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Background. Parents are especially important for young teens, and they have a considerable impact on adolescents' development and social adaptation. One of the important factors for understanding parental influence on children's development is the concept of "parenting style". Objectives. Due to the lack of standard instruments to measure parenting style, this study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Parenting Style-Four Factor Questionnaire (PS-FFQ). Material and methods. The study included 992 mothers of female students in Tabriz, Iran. Construct validity was assessed by using exploratory factor analyses with varimax rotation and principal component analysis extraction method and by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the feasibility of the measure was judged based on ceiling and floor effects. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined using internal consistency. Results. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed four factors, which included 30 of the 32 items and also accounted for 32.91% of the variance. In the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the fit indices indicated: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.90, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.04, providing a strong fit to the data. The internal consistency for the overall scale was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70). Conclusions. The PS-FFQ provides a more comprehensive assessment of parenting styles of adolescents' parents and may be suitable for wider use. It could also be applicable for psychologists and researchers to examine and identify parenting styles.
Confirmatory analysis of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions
An important research field in family studies relates to the role parenting practices can have on several domains of children's development. Regarding to parenting styles, it was Baumrind's conceptualization that was responsible for a relevant research boost in this area. She proposed a model contemplating three different styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. The aim of our study was to examine the factor structure, internal consistency and others psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). The participants were 424 parents (mainly mothers, 81.2%) from Algarve (South of Portugal), that answered to PSDQ and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The instrument comprises 32 items: 12 questions regarding the authoritative style, 15 questions regarding the authoritarian style, and 5 questions regarding the permissive style. Several competing models (i.e., one and three-factorial, and another where latent variables were organized in a 1 st and 2 nd order factors) were tested in regards to PSDQ factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis. A fourth model, contemplating inter-correlations between item 7 and 8 was also proposed, which showed adequate fit and internal consistency. These findings support the PSDQ original structure. Implications concerning the use and contributes to social and emotional child' adjustment are discussed.
International Journal of Instruction, 2023
During the socialization process, educational influences on the child determine their personality development fundamentally, so getting to know the educational practices of parents' is one of the central issues in educational science. The aims of our study, focusing on the parenting styles of parents raising children aged 0-7 living in Hungary, were: (1) to refine a quantitative research tool, (2) combine it with a qualitative tool and (3) to relate the results of two studies carried out with different methodologies. Prior to the questionnaire survey, as part of this research focus group interviews occurred, in which a total of 93 parents attended. The recorded opinions from the focus group interviews provided an opportunity to explore deeper connections. During the questionnaire data collection, a total of 980 parents were included in the study after representative sampling for type of settlement and age group. To explore their parenting style the modified version of the Child-rearing Practices Report (CRPR) was applied. After learning about the scale characteristics of parenting style, our attention was directed to the main characteristics of parenting style and the differentiating factors of parenting practice. Among the parents involved in the research caring, flexible child-rearing attitudes and practices were pronounced.
The most common parenting styles in Kosovo: perceptions of secondary school students
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This study was conducted to analyze Kosovo's most common parenting styles based on secondary school students' perceptions. There are four styles of parenting: 1) Authoritative parents, 2) authoritarian parents, 3) Permissive, tolerant parents, 4) uninvolved (negligent) parents. The study was concluded with secondary school students in two gymnasiums in Klina and Gjakova. Out of 1334 participants who took part in the study, 848 were female, and 486 were male. A quantitative method was used for the analysis. The instrument used for the research is the Parenting Style Scale (Gafor & Kurukkan, 2014). Each statement was conducted with a paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test to see the differences between fathers and mothers. Out of 38 statements, secondary school students showed statistically significant values that mothers are authoritative in 14 statements and permissive in 12 of them. At the same time, fathers are not authoritative but are tolerant in only one sta...
Construction and Validation of Scale of Parenting Style
This paper describes the development and standardization of a measure of perceived parenting style. The four styles namely authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and negligent proposed by Baumrind (1971) are scaled based on a quadrant of high and low levels of parental responsiveness and control suggested by Maccoby and Martin (1983). The items are constructed on socio-cultural and educational circumstances of adolescent students in Kerala, India. Hence, the tool will be largely suitable for scaling the four parenting styles among south Asian adolescent students. The tool has good criterion related validity and test-retest reliability. Parents have huge impact on a person's life. Number of studies in the area of parenting matches its importance on the developing person. Parenting process combines all the activities of the parents that intended to support their children's wellbeing. One of the most studied approaches to understanding parental influences on human development is concept of parenting style (Baumrind, 1967). Baumrind proposed parenting styles as correlates to socialization of the children. Then many researches recognized the importance of researching role of parenting style in child development (Kordi,
2023
The purpose of this article is to determine the predictors of positive and negative parenting practices among mothers of two-to-three-year-old children in Tirana, Albania. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a representative sample of 328 mothers of two-to-three-year-old children recruited through eight randomly selected public nurseries in Tirana. Results from bivariate regressions showed significant associations between the key relevant maternal characteristics and maternal parenting practices, in line with previous studies conducted in Western societies. Results from multiple regressions showed that maternal attitudes towards child maltreatment were a dominant significant predictor of negative parenting practices (punitive parenting, inconsistent parenting, and child maltreatment) and that maternal sense of parental competence was a dominant significant predictor of positive parenting practices. The findings suggest a strong, consistent link between maternal belief systems and parenting practices among mothers of toddlers in Tirana and call for the implementation of parent training programmes that address attitudes towards child maltreatment and sense of parental competence in the Albanian society.
Psychometric Properties of Parenting Measures in Indonesia
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia
We examined the psychometric properties of two parenting measures, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the Parent-Child Relationships Questionnaire (PCRQ) which were translated into Indonesian for use in Indonesia. The Indonesian versions of these questionnaires were completed by 514 parents and 459 parents, respectively. Participants were parents (mostly mothers) of typically developing children, who completed the measures through an online or paper-based survey. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), parallel analyses,internal and external construct validity,and internal reliability were performed on both measures. Results revealed that the translated version of the PSDQ consisted of three factors. Two of these factors reflected the Authoritative and Authoritarian subscales of the original measure; however, the Permissive subscale was not obtained. A third factor, labelled Reasoning, was extracted. The translated PCRQ was found to have the same structure as the original version of the measure. Some modifications were required for both instruments, and the modified versions of the instruments had acceptable internal consistency. Development of these translated and modified instruments will support parenting research within Indonesia.
Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 2014
The paper analyzes the psychometric properties of the G1 version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, a self-report instrument designed to investigate how adolescents or adults were parented during childhood. The sample included 1451 Italian adolescents in high school. Three studies tested the scale's structure, invariance, and convergent validity. The first found slightly acceptable fit indexes for a 40-item scale measuring three factors (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive styles); the factors presented good reliability (ρc .62-.96). Multigroup confirmative analyses found factor loadings invariant in the father version, whereas 12 items resulted not invariant in the mother version (second study). Good convergent validity was found with the Parental Bonding Index and the Parental Monitoring Scale (third study). Discussion of results is provided within the parenting styles literature.
Parenting Practices Scale: Its Validity and Reliability for Parents of School-Aged Children
Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 2017
Parenting practices are a field in psychology in which numerous studies have been carried out. In western countries, attempts to define the concept operationally have led to the emergence of many scales claiming to test the concept. This study aims at developing a scale to evaluate the parenting practices of parents with schoolchildren and at carrying out the validity and reliability tests of the scale in question. In the study, 511 parents with schoolchildren between the ages of 6-13 participated. The initial scale consisted of 84 items. Explanatory factor analysis was applied in order to analyze the construct validity and factor structure of the scale, whereas principle component analysis and the varimax rotation technique were used as the factoring technique. Following analysis, 32 items were removed from the scale. The final version of the scale consists of six components (sub-dimensions) and 52 items that explain 40.1% of the variance. Afterwards, secondorder confirmatory factor analysis was applied, and model data fit was observed to be high. Cronbach alpha values of the scales' sub-dimensions were found to be between .65 and .79. Criterion validity of the scale was also tested during the study. To this end, the Parenting Practices Scale (PPS) and Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) were used. The correlation between sub-dimensions and total score was analyzed in the study, in which 168 parents participated in total. The findings support the criterion validity of the scale. Moreover, the results prove that the developed scale has the ability to validly test existing differences among parents' parenting practices and the psychological structures leading to them.
Psychometrics properties of the items of parenting style inventory according to item-response theory
Educational Measurement and Evaluation Studies, 2017
The main condition for using questionnaires is their validity and reliability. In the present study, the psychometrics properties of questions of parenting style inventory have been examined according to item-response theory, among 576 mothers of elementary school students in Tehran. The sample was selected by means of Multi-stage cluster sampling method. This study, due to the nature of its subject and objectives, is a descriptive research based on psychometric methods. In fitting the IRT-model–based approach with the inventory items and estimating the level of difficulty and the coefficient of determination of items separated based on subscales, the ltm and eRm packages were employed in software R. Results showed that the graded response model is a better fit in comparison with partial credit model, with the questions of parenting style inventory. The results of the estimation of the items parameters and items characteristic curves showed the items 17, 21, 24 of the permissiveness parenting style, items 4, 11 of authoritative parenting style and items 12, 18 of the authoritarian parenting style have a low desirability.