Setting The Stage: American Policy Toward The Middle East, 1961–1966 (original) (raw)
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2016
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American Special Relationships in the Middle East: Understanding US Foreign Policy, 1945-1978
A study of US foreign policy during the Cold War to cultivate special relationships with the states of Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East to facilitate regional stability, foment its access to oil for a consumer-driven economy, and forge a bulwark against communism and Soviet expansionism. These key states also have the historic distinction in Britain’s own strategic defense in the region. Dualistically, the US had hoped that these relationships would provide a solution to the rising tide of nationalism and anti-American sentiment.Thus, the US reproduced Britain’s own Middle East foreign policy with key Third World states to stem the advance of Soviet’s interest in the region and usurp the abiding influence of a declining empire.
The origins of the U.S.-Israeli special relationship can be traced to the Kennedy Administration. At the time, two challenges confronted U.S. policymakers concerned with the Near East: first, would a formal relationship with Israel serve U.S. national interests; and second, if so, what shape should the relationship take? While President Kennedy’s 1963 declaration to defend Israel against aggression resolved these questions, it did so only after two years of debate that pitted the Department of State, National Security Council, and Pentagon against one another at various points in the policy process. This episode reveals the extent to which bureaucratic politics affected the Administration’s foreign policy decision making. By examining the actors involved in this debate and the historical context in which this debate took place, this paper analyzes the Administration’s approach to U.S.- Israeli relations—an approach with implications for the future of the relationship.
United States Foreign Policy and the Middle East
Open Journal of Political Science
The Middle East has been a central focus of the United States' foreign policy. The purpose of the current research is to shed light on the United States' economic and political presence in the Middle East region before and after World War I and after World War II to understand how United States' presence has developed in the region and what motives were behind its presence. This is accomplished by exploring broad economic, strategic, and political motives of the United States. Specifically, the article explores the United States' primary interests in the Middle East including securing strategic access to oil in the Gulf region, supporting and protecting Israel's sovereignty, maintaining the United States' military bases, defending client-states and friendly regimes, and resisting Islamic movements and terrorist groups.
The U.S. Foreign Policy for the Greater Middle East after 1979
This essay serve to demonstrate that in the Americas War for the Greater Middle East, ideas matter when they happen to be convenient. Legal and moral principles were not present in the regional conflicts. American political realism, which could describe as follows: decisions of American Center of gravity, the role of technology, strategy, the National Security apparatus, generalship, the U.S. military system, the political economy of war, history, regional allies, religion. All these aspects caused the current situation in the Middle East. Applicable to Arab world, and to other regions, the strategy of the U.S. was the measure problem. Woodrow Wilson believed, that: "God or Providence summons America to save humankind by re-making the world in its image, which with time showed itself as an illusion of "self-con dence" or better to say didently unrealistic understanding of history by details and absence of abilities to carefully analyze the consequences of the U.S. military presents in the world.
The U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East. The Evolution of the Strategic Partnership with Israel
Strategic impact, 2020
The background for this research is represented by the importance of the regional security complex of the Middle East in international relations. In this context, the article approaches the aspects of the United States of America’s security and foreign strategy in the Middle East, between 2016-2020. Through this study we want to highlight the main concepts that guided the foreign policy strategies implemented by Trump administration in the Middle East. Moreover, we want to highlight the characteristics of the strategic partnership between the United States of America and Israel and its importance for the Middle East’s stability. From a methodological point of view, we used the discourse analysis.