The politics of national diversity (original) (raw)

1987, Salisbury Review

It is reported that Saint Stephen, first Apostolic King of Hungary, had advised his son Emmerich that he should not spare to invite foreigners into the Kingdom. His grounds were that'unius linguae uniusque moris regnum imbecile et fragile esC: a kingdom with but one language and one custom is weak and fragile. This remark is, one notes, at odds with much recent conservative philosophical theorising. For the latter has tended to stress the virtues of social and institutional homogeneity-the virtues of the nation state as classically conceived ...

“Hungarian Supremacy Cannot Be Debated”. Hungarian Conservative Sociologists on the Nationalities Question (1908–1918)

ACTA Social Analysis, 2023

Magyar Társadalomtudományi Szemle (MTSZ), i.e. Hungarian Review of Social Sciences, was published between 1908 and 1918, and it was the highest-toned journal of contemporary Hungarian conservative sociology. At that time, in the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, one of the most pressing social issues was the nationalities question: what rights belong to non-Hungarian-speaking nationalities living in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary? This question was answered by two schools of tender-aged Hungarian social science. In general, liberal-left sociologists following Western scientific patterns believed that the language and cultural rights of national minorities need to be expanded. Conservatives, on the other hand, called for a restrictive policy to maintain the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Hungary. The analysis of the authors and writings in favour of the extension of rights has been completed (Litván 1978, 2006; Litván–Szücs 1973). Conservative sociologists who support the restriction, however, have so far received almost no attention in the history of sociology. In this writing, I would like to fill this gap. After the short institutional presentation of contemporary conservative sociology, I will focus on their central journal, MTSZ. I will analyse the articles in which the authors have taken a position on the nationalities question. I argue that the articles published in the MTSZ have primarily addressed the nationalities question as a political and demographic issue. Therefore, I will describe these two types of writing. (Beyond that, some articles focused on social theory, culture, or education when writing about the rights of non-Hungarian-speaking minorities.) My basic question is how those aspects of the nationalities question appeared in MTSZ and how those all create a specific political store of knowledge. If we get answers to this, not only will we shed light on one of the forgotten but exciting schools of early Central European social science, but perhaps the history of the first quarter of the 20th century will also be better understood.

The Boundaries of Diversity and the Extent of Europeanization – the Case of Hungary

This paper aims to examine the boundaries of diversity and the extent of Europeanization within a new member state – Hungary1 . We aim to distinguish how new member states, such as Hungary, respond to questions of Europeanization and whether this affects conceptions of diversity. The paper endeavours to identify elements of openness within different societal actors as well as various kinds of public spaces towards the idea of diversity and Europeanization and assess comparatively factors that promote or hinder the development of various types of European belongings. The paper is based on a very broad understanding of societal actors that comprises political parties, NGOs, think tanks and the media and will treat these as components of communicative public spaces and assesses their role in and contribution to the articulation of Hungarian society’s response to Europeanization. We will analyze qualitative data gathered from content analysis, personal interviews and available sources to assess the internal integration and cohesion of society and the boundaries of the public sphere and of the demos that it accommodates. Our paper attempts to identify the homogeneity vs. heterogeneity of actors and the consensus or contestation among these, as well as the openness or closure regarding different issues and/or actors, since our primary hypothesis is that the degrees of fragmentation or stratification of public spheres within a polity will affect the appearance of a common European public sphere.

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