Isolation, Identification and Antibiogram of Salmonella from Cloacal Swabs of Free Range Poultry in Nsukka, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Related papers
2020
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry meat and products presents a serious global public health problem. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the isolation rate of Salmonella species in eggs and chicken meat randomly sampled from some selected retail outlets in Sokoto metropolis, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates. Bacteriological culture and biochemical characterization, followed by the antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method were employed. Out of the 300 samples comprising 150 eggs, and 150 chicken meat samples analyzed, 20 (13.3 %) were positive for Salmonella among chicken meat, while 11 (7.33 %) were positive among the egg samples. Based on the sampling locations, the frequency of isolation of Salmonella was highest in Sokoto south and Wamakko areas with 17.5 % each for the chicken meat, while Sokoto south area with 10.0 % had the highest among the egg samples. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test showed 15 isolates (75 %) for chicken meat being 93.3 %, 86.7 %, 60.0 % and 60.0 % resistant to penicillin, oxytetracycline, Sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and erythromycin respectively, while all 11 (100 %) isolates from egg swab culture showed resistance to one or more of the antimicrobials tested. However, a high proportion of isolates were susceptible to neomycin (93.3 %). The Salmonella isolates also exhibited multidrug-resistance against four of the antimicrobials tested that included erythromycins, Sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, penicillin, and oxytetracycline. It could be suggested that the rational use of antibiotics needs to be adopted in commercial poultry farming system of Sokoto to curtail the spread of these drug-resistant pathogens and its concomitant hazard to human health.
This study was conducted to determine the frequency of isolation of salmonella and their microbial resistance profiles across different commercial poultry feeds sold in Imo State, Nigeria. Thirty-six bulk feed samples were colleted from 154 bag across different feed types and brands which included Guinea (GF), Top (TF), Vital (VF), Extra (EF), Animal care (AF) and livestock (LF) feeds. The salmonella isolated were tested against 14 anti-microbial drugs using the disc diffusion method. Bacterial load enumeration of the samples indicated a range of <30 colony forming unit (CFU) to overgrowth at 104 serial dilutions. Eight feed samples (22.2%) which cuts across the entire feed brands expect EF were positive for salmonella. The highest prevalence of 28.8% and 25.0% were recorded for LF and TF respectively, while VF, GF and AF had 11.1 and 10.0% respectively. Salmonella isolates showed high rates of resistance (51-100%) against nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, tetracycline and ceftriazole,...
Antimicrobial susceptibility and serovars of Salmonella from chickens and humans in Ibadan, Nigeria
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2010
Background: This study determines the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serovars from humans and chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria, in 2004Nigeria, in -2007 Methodology: A total of 991 blood samples were collected from patients in 2004 to 2005 and 641 fecal samples were collected from poultry farms in 2007. All Salmonella isolates were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: Thirty-nine (4%) Salmonella isolates were obtained from human blood and 70 (11%) from chicken fecal samples. The human isolates revealed nine different serovars; 82% were non-typhoidal Salmonella and 18% were (S. Typhi). The majority of serovars from humans were S. Enteritidis (33%), S. Dublin (18%), and S. Typhimurium (18%). Resistance to chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ampicillin ranged from 36% to 59% for the human isolates. Eight different serovars were obtained from chickens; S. Virchow (71%) predominated. A high frequency (87%) of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was observed among the chicken isolates. A high frequency of resistance to tetracycline (93%), nalidixic acid (81%), and sulfamethoxazole (87%) was observed. Rare serovars such as S. Apapa, S. Mouschaui, S. Jukestown, S. Oritamerin, and S. Onireke were isolated from both humans and chickens. Identical serovars were not found among human and chicken isolates. Conclusions: This study indicates that chickens are not a reservoir of Salmonella causing bacteraemia among humans in Ibadan, Nigeria. Studies locating the reservoirs responsible for invasive salmonellosis in humans are needed. Controls and targeted interventions against S. Virchow and the frequent occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in chickens should be initiated to prevent the spread of this serovar.
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2016
Objective: This study evaluated the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella species isolated from various poultry products including chicken meat, poultry eggs, poultry bird's drinking water, and poultry feed. Materials and methods: A total of 79 samples comprising of chicken meat (n=20), egg shell (n=15), poultry egg contents (n=18), drinking water (n=14), and poultry feed (n=12) were bacteriologically and microscopically analyzed for the isolation of Salmonella species. Results: Overall, this study reported a high prevalence of Salmonella species (62%) from various poultry products especially in poultry (chicken) meat and poultry egg contents where the percentage occurrence of Salmonella species was 100% and 20.4% respectively. The antibiogram conducted on the Salmonella species isolated from the various poultry samples reveal that all the isolates were multi-drug resistant to more than 50% of the tested antibiotics especially to tetracycline, gentamicin, tobramycin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem. However, most of the Salmonella species were also found to be highly susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ertapenem and ceftazidime. It was also observed in this study that the highest level of resistance to the tested antibiotics was recorded in Salmonella species isolated from poultry meat samples. Conclusion: Salmonellosis due to the consumption of contaminated or infected poultry products could pose serious public health problem to the general public if allowed. Thus, poultry farms and other poultry product outlets should be operated under sanitized conditions that ward-off the incidence of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella. The use of antibiotics as growth promoting agents and prophylaxis in the production of poultry birds in this region should be discouraged-since such practices allowed drug-resistant bacteria to emerge and spread in the community.
Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 2015
Salmonellosis is a veterinary and public health problem of major importance. It is a leading cause of food poisoning in humans and an important cause of various diseases of livestock resulting in high morbidity and mortality. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of salmonellae in intensively reared and backyard chickens from poultry farms and markets across Nsukka environs, and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. A total of 300 chickens comprising of 150 intensively reared and 150 backyard chickens were sampled by cloacal swab using International Office of Epizootics (OIE) standards. Out of 300 samples, 12 (4%) were positive for salmonellae. Salmonellae prevalence rates of 1.3% in intensively reared and 6.7% in backyard chickens were observed. The prevalence rate of salmonellae was significantly higher (P ˂ 0.05) in backyard chickens than in intensively reared chickens. The antibiogram studies showed that the Salmonella serovars were totally (100%) resistant to amoxicillin and augmentin, moderately sensitive to nalidixic acid (67%) and nitrofurantoin (83%); and fully sensitive (100%) to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and gentamicin. The MIC ranges for cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tetracycline, were 8-16, 0.016-0.125, 0.5-1.0, and 2.0-8.0 µg/ml, respectively. MBC values of 0.031-0.5, 1.0-4.0, and 64.0-512.0 µg/ml, were obtain for ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tetracycline, respectively. This study have shown that poultry birds harbour Salmonella spp. and could serve as reservoirs for the rare serotypes whose transmission vehicles remain unknown.
2016
Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella Species from live and dead chickens in Gwagwalada and Kwali area councils of Abuja, was studied to establish the prevalence and possible treatment regimen forSalmonella in the study area. Five hundred (500)samples of bothfaecal (180) and visceral organs (320) were collected from chickens in poultry farms and slaughter houses between Mayand August 2015.Salmonellae were isolated, identified and characterized using standard methods. Isolates were further subjected toantimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method.The occurrence of Salmonellaspeciesisolates revealed 8%(40) andthese isolates were most susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin.Serotyping of isolates for effective control of outbreaksusing vaccines is thus suggested, while farmers and poultry attendants should ensure strict hygienic practice.
Globalisation and technology especially in the area of antimicrobial chemotherapy have greatly improved the quality of health care in both the veterinary and the public settings. Nonetheless, irrational use of antibiotics has considerably encouraged the development of antimicrobial resistance. This present study was aimed at determining the sources within the poultry production setting that are significantly responsible in the development and spread of antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella. A total of 374 samples were collected from poultry environment sources (170), from poultry bird themselves (136) and from poultry personnel sources (68) in Calabar within the period of August 2013 and May 2014. The isolation of Salmonella was in accordance with the ISO 6579:2002 and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method involving 12 antibiotic disks (HDx). The paired sample t-test was used to determine the significant differences in the resistance of Salmonella species from the poultry sources against the antibiotics used in this study at 95% confidence level. The Salmonella isolates exhibited the highest rate of resistance against Ampicilin-10 µg (72.9%) and the least against Gentamicin-10 µg (1.4%). All the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol-30, Ciprofloxacine-5 µg and Imipenem-10 µg and hence the most sensitive. Majority (68.8%) exhibited resistance against more than one type of antibiotics hence revealing a high rate of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains. The results of the paired sample t-test revealed that the development and spread of resistance against antibiotics was significantly dependent on the poultry environment sources and therefore should serve as important targets for prevention measures.
Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2010
Water, fecal and swab samples of poultry walls and cages collected from various poultry farms located in five towns and villages in Ovia North east local government area of Edo State, Nigeria, were screened for the presence of Salmonella spp and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. The prevalence rates recorded shows that Salmonella was isolated from all the sources investigated with varying rates which ranged from 27% for poultry cages to 80% recorded for fecal samples. Overall prevalence rates based on location ranged from 48% to 76%. Result of the resistance pattern of the Salmonella isolates from the various farms reveal that 62% of total 304 isolates tested were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics used with no significant difference in resistance pattern between the locations. Resistance to ampicillin appears to be the most common and was the highest (43%), followed by trimethoprim-sulphamethozazole (39%) and streptomycin (29%), with cephalexin (9%) and gentamycin (10%) recording the least resistance. Worrisome however is the fact the fluoroquinolones which are comparatively new, expensive and could be drug of choice should there be an outbreak, showed some significant degree of resistance (17%). The findings from this study present a potential health problem and are suggestive of the extent of misuse of drugs in medical and veterinary practice in Nigeria.
Microbiology Research Journal International
Background: Poultry is one of most consumed meat products in Ghana. Outbreaks of Salmonella spp infections due to consumption of contaminated undercooked poultry products are of high risk to human health. This study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp in the poultry environment in the Kwabre East municipality. Method: A total of 114 samples consisting of 38 faecal, 38 dust and 38 feed were taken from a total of 38 farms that consented to the study. Sterile nurse’s caps were worn over the boot to collect faecal and worn over the palm to collect dust samples whilst a sterile spatula was used to collect feed samples. Salmonella was isolated using standard culture and biochemical methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) profile was determined using the disk diffusion method under the guidelines and interpretations published by (CLSI, 2018). Results: In all, five (5/38; 13.2 %) of the farms were...
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry in Ghana
SUMMARY Poultry are possible sources of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars which may cause foodborne human disease. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of Salmonella serovars in egg-laying hens and broilers at the farm level and their susceptibility to antimicrobials commonly used in the poultry industry in Ghana. Sampling of faeces by a sock method (n = 75), dust (n = 75), feed (n = 10) and drinking water (n = 10) was performed at 75 commercial egg-laying and broiler farms in two regions of Ghana and skin neck (n = 30) at a local slaughterhouse from broilers representing different flocks. Salmonella was detected in 94/200 (47%) samples with an overall flock prevalence of 44·0%. Sixteen different serovars were identified with S. Kentucky (18·1%), S. Nima (12·8%), S. Muenster (10·6%), S. Enteritidis (10·6%) and S. Virchow (9·6 %) the most prevalent types. The predominant phage type of S. Enteritidis was PT1. All strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefoxitin. Fifty-seven (60·6%) strains were resistant to one or more of the remaining nine antimicrobials tested by disk diffusion, of which 23 (40·4%) showed multi-resistance (resistance to 53 classes of antimicrobials). Of the resistant strains (n = 57), the most significant were to nalidixic acid (89·5%), tetracycline (80·7%), ciprofloxacin (64·9%), sulfamethazole (42·1%), trimethoprim (29·8%) and ampicillin (26·3%). All S. Kentucky strains were resistant to more than two antimicrobials and shared common resistance to nalidixic acid or ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, often in combinations with other antimicrobials. PFGE analysis using XbaI of S. Kentucky demonstrated one dominant clone in the country. In conclusion, poultry produced in Ghana has a high prevalence of multi-resistant Salmonella and the common finding of clonal S. Kentucky in the Kumasi area warrants further investigations into the epidemiology of this serovar. There is an urgent need for surveillance and control programmes on Salmonella and use of antimicrobials in the Ghanaian poultry industry to protect the health of consumers.