The prevalence of depression and its associated factors among the geriatric age group living in the rural area of Wardha District Maharashtra: A cross-sectional study (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine, 2019
Introduction: India is presently undergoing demographic transition leading significant increase in elderly population. The advent of better health services and preventive care has raised life expectancy. Presently the population of elderly in India is 9.4% in 2017 which will rise to 19.1% in 2050. Elderly form a vulnerable group as they suffer from physical, psychological, economic, social and nutritional problems. These problems there by contribute to various disabilities. Prevalence of depression among elderly ranges from as low as 12.7% to as high as 60.0% from literature. The depression among the elderly often goes undetected and thus untreated which results in loneliness, social isolation, cognitive impairment, and decline in their ability to carry out the functional activities and thus compromises their quality of life. Determining the burden of depression among the elderly and to study various sociodemographic factors will facilitate formulating policies to plan better health care delivery services for them. Hence present study was planned with the objective to study the magnitude of depression and its socio demographic correlates among the elderly. Material and Methods: Present study was a cross sectional study conducted in elderly (≥60 Years) residing in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of one of the Government Medical College. Sample size calculated for the study was 290 and simple random sampling method was used for the data collection. Measurement was done using WHO Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) long form of 30 questions. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional ethical committee and consent was taken from participants. Data entry and analysis was done by using software Epi Info version 7.2 Results: The Magnitude of Depression among elderly was found to be 57.66% (Mild Depression 23.91%, Moderate Depression 19.06% and Severe Depression 14.69%). The various factors associated with depression were, female sex, low Socioeconomic status, and single/widowed/divorced, less physical activity, inadequate sleep and living alone. Conclusions: The high prevalence of depression observed among the elderly population suggests there is need for improvement in policies and guidelines for early screening, treatment and counselling of elderly for timely detection and treatment of depression at community level. Formation of social groups at community level and more emphasis on improvement of quality of life of the elderly.
Depression and Its Determinants in an Urban Elderly of Maharashtra: A Crosssectional Study
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2016
BACKGROUND Growth in the elderly population has led to an increase in age related diseases and mainly depression affecting quality of life. Depression in old age is an emerging public health problem leading to morbidity and disability worldwide. AIMS To assess the prevalence of depression in elderly using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and to study the variables affecting depression in them. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A community-based descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. METHODS AND MATERIAL Study was conducted in the urban slums, field practice area of Community Medicine attached to a tertiary care hospital. Study period was Jan. 2013-Dec. 2014. Persons aged ≥60 years residing in the urban slums were included. A pre-designed, pre-tested proforma was used to collect information. GDS-15 was used to screen depression. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed by using frequency, proportion, chi-square test with SPSS 16. RESULTS Prevalence of depression was 48.8%. Females (63.8%) were more affected than males (36.2%). Depression was significantly associated with various variables like age, sex, educational status, occupation, sleep pattern and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS The study presented higher rate of depression among elderly and its interesting association with various socio-demographic variables, which may have important implications for health planning.
SciDoc Publishers, 2020
Senior Citizen Elderly or old age consists of ages close to or exceeding the average life span of human beings. The limit of old age cannot be defined precisely because it does not have the same meaning in all societies by the middle of this century, there could be 100 million elderly people living in the India according to United Nations World population prospects report. Depression is the common psychiatric disorder among elderly. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of Depression among elderly in a rural population. Design of the study was a cross sectional study conducted among 600 elderly populations in rural community of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
Prevalence of depression among elderly population in rural South India
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: Depression among elderly is the commonest psychiatric disorder however it is commonly misdiagnosed and under treated. Most of the time it is considered as part of aging process rather than a treatable condition. Diagnosing depression in the elderly is often difficult as a result of presence of cognitive impairment as well as reluctance and denial by the elderly and their family members. Objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among elderly rural population in South India. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 2 months among 575 elderly people aged 60 years and above in the rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in south India using a pre validated Geriatric Depression Scale. Data entered and analysed using MS Excel.Results: 77.56% of the study participants were found to be depressed. Among them 74.66% were mild depressive and 25.34% had severe depression. Depression was common in elderl...
Prevalence and correlates of geriatric depression in a rural community in Kerala, India
Journal of Ideas in Health, 2021
Background: Elderly constitutes a vulnerable group for depression, as they are especially prone to suffer adverse consequences of a depressive episode and have greater rates of completed suicides. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and determinants of geriatric depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 250 elderlies from 1st January 2019 to 1st January 2020 in the different rural blocks of Ernakulam district, India. The multistage sampling technique and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) were used to collect the data. A score of 0 9 is considered "normal", 10 19 is labeled as "mildly depressed", and 20 30 as "severely depressed". Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software. The Chi-square test /Fisher's exact test was used to study the association between the socio-demographic and behavioral variables with depression. Results: The mean age was 69.33 ± 7.41years and male: female ratio was 0.55: 1.The...
Background: Depression, the most common psychiatric disorder among the elderly, is not yet perceived as an important health problem in India, where few population-based studies have addressed this problem. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of depression and identify the associated risk factors in the elderly population. Materials and Methods: 3038 consenting elderly (>60 years old) rural and urban residents of both sexes from the fi eld practice areas were interviewed and examined in a cross-sectional study. Physical impairment in the subjects was assessed with the Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI), depression by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and cognitive impairment by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed using Epi Info version-6 software. Statistical analysis included proportions, χ2-test, odds ratio, and its 95% confi dence interval. Multiple logistic regression was done using SPSS version 21. Results: The prevalence of depression in the study population was 8.9%. It was signifi cantly higher in urban residents, females, older elderly, nuclear families, in those living alone, those not working, illiterates, poor, functionally impaired, and cognitively impaired. In the multivariate analysis, unmarried/widowed status, unemployment, and illiteracy did not emerge as risk factors. Conclusions: Urban residence, female gender, higher age, nuclear family, poverty, and functional and cognitive impairment were found to be associated with depression even after controlling for other factors. Keywords: Cognitive impairment, Depression, Elderly, Functional impairment, Prevalence
Prevalence of Depression among Elderly in Rural South India
Objective: Depression is gaining a major attention in perspectives of public health problem. The present study aimed to survey the prevalence of depression among elderly in the Kancheepuram district, Tamilnadu, India. Further objectives were to find the relationship between Depression and Old age. Method: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study to assess the depression level among elderly in Kancheepuram district of Tamilnadu, India. The simple random sampling method was used for selecting the research participants. A short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale consists of 15 questions was used as a tool for measuring their depression status. Based on the scoring criteria, level of the depression status was measured and categorized them as no depression, mild depression, moderate depression and severe depression. Results: A majority of the subjects were in the age group of 60 to 69 years (76.5%). The mean age of the participants was 66 years (mean ± SD: 66 ± 3.8).The prevalence of depression in the current study was 72%. There was a statistically significant relationship between age and depression. There was no significant relationship between gender and depression, as both genders had depression approximately closer to each other. There is a negative association between sleeping hours and depression score. As the sleeping hours reduces, the depression score of the individual increases. Conclusion: Thus the present study aimed to find the prevalence of depression among elderly in rural population of Tamilnadu, India. Increased age and sleeping hours are the major determinants of depression.
Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in Community-Dwelling Elderly in Rural Haryana, India
Background: Depression in the elderly has been emerged as a serious public health challenge in the developing countries. Elderly population with depression is on rise in India, but is not adequately addressed. This study was planned to ascertain the prevalence of depression among elderly in a rural population of Haryana and assess its socio-demographic correlates. Methods: This study was a community based, cross sectional study, which was conducted in Community Health Centre (CHC), Chiri of Rohtak district (Haryana, India). Of total 124 Anganwadi centres in study area, 10 were randomly selected. A total 500 elderly persons aged 60 years and above were randomly screened for depression. Long form of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) was used with cut off score at 22. The Pearson's Chi-squared test, student's t test, and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the association of depression in the elderly with its risk factors. Result: In our study, the prevalence of depression in the elderly was 1414.4% (95% CI: 11.6- 17.8). Mean age of study population was 68.5 ± 7.7 years. Depression in the elderly had significant association with female gender [OR=2.7 (95% CI 1.4- 5.0)], not being consulted for major decisions [OR=2.7 (95% CI 1.5- 4.7)], presence of any chronic morbidity [OR=2.4 (95% CI 1.3- 4.5)], spending day without doing any activity, work or hobby [OR=3.8 (2.1- 7.1)], and death of any close relative in the last 1 year [OR=2 (1.1- 3.7)] after adjustment of various factors. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalence of depression in the elderly was 14.4% in a rural community of north India.
Depression and its associated factors among geriatric population in rural area of south Bihar
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: Depression among elderly has been recognized as one of the major health problems worldwide. However, important life changes that happen as we get older may cause feelings of uneasiness, stress, and sadness.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among geriatric people (aged above 60 years) residing at rural area of south Bihar. The information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, current working status, any morbid condition and source of income were collected. The level of depression was assessed by using geriatric depression scale short form (GDS SF)-15.Results: The prevalence of depression was 54.6%. Depression was strongly associated with female gender, single status of participants, financial dependent on others and medical illness, which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Depression in geriatric people became a major public health problem in urban as well as rural population. So, there is an urgent need for feasibl...
Study of depression risk in geriatric population of urban area of Pune , India
2015
Introduction: As age advances there is increased morbidity and functional loss. A variety of depressive factors and occurrence of varying life events, greatly impact on one’s psychological status, making the elderly more prone to depression. Decreased care & attention, economic dependence and unorganised geriatric health services are adding to the morbidity. Objective: To study the prevalence of depression risk in the elderly population aged 65 yrs and above and identify various risk factors. Material & Methods: Study design: Cross sectional study. Study area: Urban field practice area of SKNMC & GH. Sample size and sampling technique: with 95 % confidence interval & 5 % alpha sample size was calculated to be 374 by using Epi info software version 7.1.2.0. Stratified Simple random sampling technique used. Study tool: Sociodemographic profile recorded & depression was assessed with geriatric depression scale15. GCP and ethical guidelines followed as advised for human studies. Results...