Blood donation: Great opportunity for screening diabetes risk (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) is a biomarker in blood which indicates a persistently elevated blood glucose levels. It is an important measure of how effectively diabetes is being managed. Usually HbA1c levels of >6.5% used to diagnose diabetes and values between 5.7%-6.4% identifies prediabetic individual. Despite the cloud controversy regarding the limitations of HbA1C for making a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, International committee members selected by American ABSTRACT Background: Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) questionnaire is a screening tool to estimate risk of type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to find the prevalence rate of diabetes and prediabetes among voluntary blood donors using FINDRISC score as screening tool in large population. Methods: A total of 210 eligible blood donors were included in this study. After obtaining the consent, subjects will be assessed with FINDRISC questionnaire. The patients with score ≥12 points, blood samples were taken and HbA1c test will be done by particle enhance immunoturbidimetric test to detect diabetes and prediabetes. Results: Out of 210 donors, 93 had a score of ≥12 points among which the prevalence rate of prediabetes 43 (46.24%) and diabetes 14 (15.05%) was noted. Subjects with BMI in overweight category had diagnosed diabetes 4 (5.8%), prediabetes 20 (28.99%) and subjects in obese category had diagnosed diabetes 10 (31.25%) and prediabetes 19 (59.38%). It shows that BMI was significant indicator of undiagnosed diabetes. Conclusions: In this study we found that the prevalence rate of diabetes 14 (15.05%) and prediabetes 43 (46.24%) among voluntary blood donors. The FINDRISC questionnaire used was a reliable and valuable screening tool for detecting undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in large population. Person diagnosed early has a chance to delay disease progression and limit secondary damage caused by undiagnosed diabetes.
Pre and Post Glucose Levels among Voluntary Blood Donors in Jos Metropolis
Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science 2019; 4(4): 60 - 64, 2019
There has been complain of dizziness and fainting after blood donation especially by first time donors in Jos metropolis. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate any variation between concentration of glucose before and immediately after blood donation. Ethical approval and written informed consent were obtained from the institution and subjects respectively. Thirty (30) volunteer blood donors were studied and the On Call Plus glucometer (Acon Labs, USA) was used to determine the blood sugar levels. The difference in blood glucose concentration (Random Blood Sugar) in subjects before (106.20±18.13) and after (103.13±15.74) blood donation was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the pre-blood donation random Blood Sugar based on gender [male (109.00±21.46) and female (103.00±13.46)]. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the post blood donation random Blood Sugar level [male (110.00±18.76) and female (95.28±4.74) (p<0.05). There is no significant difference in glucose level (Random Blood Sugar) before blood donation based on age [20-29 years (100.16±13.98), 30-39 years (95.00±4.12), 40-49 years (129.71±12.89)] (p>0.05). There was a significant difference after blood donation at (p<0.05) as age 40-49 years had the highest level of sugar (126.28±16.74) when compared to age 20-29 years (96.11±5.88) and 30-39 years (96.00±2.73). The study reveals that there is no significant variation in the glucose concentration (Random Blood Sugar) in subjects before and immediately after blood donation. There was a significant difference in the post donation blood sugar level between male and female. The pre donation blood sugar level is significantly higher among older (40-49 years) blood donors. There is need for adequate care and monitoring of particularly younger and female donors. Blood donors should be adequately cared for and thoroughly observed during and after blood donation as they may have reduced sugar levels after donation which may lead to dizziness or fainting. Blood donors should be medically checked adequately before voluntary blood donation.
Clinical Biochemistry, 2016
Objectives: Previous studies have investigated the impact of venesection upon different metabolic indices in patients with various conditions (e.g., type 2 diabetes and iron overload). We aimed to investigate the changes on different metabolic indices including glycemic, iron, lipids and inflammatory markers at different time points after blood donation in male subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Design and methods: 42 male subjects were recruited to the study. Glucose tolerance was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test before (visit A) and after the blood donation (1 day, visit B; 1 week, visit C; 3 weeks, visit D; and 3 months, visit E). Fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipids, uric acid, C-reactive protein, iron stores and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, ISI-gly) indices were measured. A repeated measures ANOVA was used for comparisons of quantitative variables between different visits. Results: All subjects had normal glucose tolerance according to WHO criteria. Fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly higher (~2%, p b 0.05;~21%, p b 0.01; and~11%, p b 0.05 respectively) at visit B following donation. At visit D, the mean ± SE for HbA1c (5.28 ± 0.06%) was significantly lower with a difference in percentage of~−3% and p b 0.05 compared to visit A (5.44 ± 0.06%). Ferritin decreased significantly at visits B, C, D and E (~−8%, p b 0.01,~−24%, p b 0.001,~−39%, p b 0.001 and~−29%, p b 0.01 respectively), when compared to visit A. Conclusions: At different time points after blood donation, glycemic status and iron stores are affected significantly in male blood donors with normal glucose tolerance. The changes were particularly evident three weeks after donation. Hence, the interpretation of these parameters in male blood donors needs to take this into account, and the mechanisms resulting in these effects need to be clarified.
Alterations in Plasma Glucose Levels among Blood Donors
European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2014
Blood donors are required to meet several criteria which are intended to ensure that safe blood is made available for transfusion as well as keeping the donor safe. Plasma glucose levels may be altered immediately after blood donation. However, since plasma glucose testing is not part of the screening tests, individuals who may have low or high plasma glucose levels are likely to be passed fit to donate. This may be detrimental to their health. The objective of the study was to measure the random plasma glucose (RPG) levels in blood donors before and after donation and determine whether there is any significant change in their levels. Samples were obtained from the Accra Area Blood Centre (AABC) at the Korle-Bu teaching Hospital. Two hundred (200) subjects were recruited who were healthy individuals between the ages of 18-52 years who had satisfied the donor criteria set by the AABC. Pre-and-post donation RPG level for each sample was determined using the VitaLab Junior Selectra Clinical Chemistry analyzer. Majority of the subjects were in the agerange of 21-30 years and there were more males than females. The mean RPG concentration before donation was 5.70±2.24 mmol/l and 9.07±6.48 mmol/l afterwards. 95% confidence interval was used and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The findings indicate that the level of RPG is altered (mostly elevated) after blood donation. Knowing predonation glucose levels may therefore be important in keeping the donor safe.
Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology, 2001
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalences of diabetes mellitus and of glucose intolerance and their trends among Turkish adults as well as to assess prospectively their independent effect on coronary mortality and morbidity. The population randoru sample of the Turkish Adult Risk Factor Study surv eyed in year 2000 comprising 2455 participants aged 30 or over were evaluated by diabetes criteria of the World Health Organization. Criteria for the d iagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and death from CHD conforıned to those previously described. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 8. 1% in men and 8.9% in women, while that of g lucose intolerance (Gl) was 2.2% and 2.7%, respectively. These rates allowed to estimate the presence of 1.92m cases of d iabetes and 620.000 persons with Gl in Turkish adults. Among subjects <50 years of age, diabetes was more frequent in women than in men. It was furthermore estimated that the prevalence of diabetes rose at a mean annual rate of 6.7%, i.e. roughly 130.000 persons each year. Concentrations of both plasına apolipoprotein B and C-reactive protein were significantly elevated in diabetic men or women, being in line with an atherogenic dyslipidemia. When only the apparently "healthy" participants of the survey in 1990 were followed up for 1 O years, presence of diabetes at baseline was a predictor of the composite endpoint of fatal and nonfatal CHD on multiple regression analysis independent of I O other variables. The relative risk was 1.52 in women and 1.43 in women and men combined. Relative ris k for newly developed CHD was approximatel y 1.6-fold in diabetic men or women. It was concluded that diabetes-independently from its action on systolic blood pressure, central obesity and dyslipidemia-significantly elevated the risk of 264 cardiac events among Turkish adults, notably in women. The rapid rise of the prevalence of diabetes in Turkish adults is highly concerning, and much more organized effort is needed to ınake large sections of the comın un ity adopt a healthy lifestyle .
The International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS) - Turkey’s 5th Wave Results
Turkish Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2016
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in Turkey due to rising obesity rates, sedentary life styles and Turkey's aging population; up-to-date and standardized data collection is required for the global fight against diabetes. The data collected from Turkey during the 5 th wave of a multinational, multi-center and observational study are evaluated in this article. Material and Method: The International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS) which is an international, observational multicenter, cross-sectional study, evaluated demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetic patients, treatment modalities, complications, cardiovascular risk factors and also reported the results of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: This study consisted of 842 T2DM and 115 Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and was carried out by 94 doctors in Turkey between December 13 th 2011 and January 26 th 2012. Data revealed that 52% of patients were treated with oral anti-diabetic (OAD) drugs only, 29% were treated with OAD + insulin, and 18% of subjects were treated with insulin alone. 88% of T2DM patients had at least one microvascular complication and 99% had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Only 27% of T1DM and 28% of T2DM patients reached the target hemoglobin A1c value of <7%. PHQ-9 results revealed that majority of patients did not have a depressive disorder (79% for both T1DM and T2DM). Discussion: Attainment and maintenance of the internationally recommended optimal glycemic values is essential for effective treatment of diabetes. Almost 72% of T2DM patients in Turkey did not reach the target values. Diabetes patient education aiming to provide the knowledge necessary to make and maintain lifestyle changes is necessary.
Diabetic Medicine, 1995
In a prospective study of 353 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 3 months and 12 months after surgery. Venous whole blood glucose and venous plasma glucose samples were assayed on a bench-top analyser. The World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus were applied to venous whole blood glucose and venous plasma glucose measurements. The difference between the plasma and whole blood concentration of glucose was 0.79-0.86 mmol I-' at a plasma glucose of 7.8 mmol I-' and 1.22-1.24 mmol I-' at a plasma glucose of 1 1 .I mmol I-' (compared to 1.1 mmol I-' by World Health Organization criteria at both cut-points). Despite this, in our subject population with a high prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (20.3 % at 3 months, 15.3 % at 12 months) and diabetes mellitus (10.1 % at 3 months and 12 months), there was no significant difference in the proportion classified impaired glucose tolerance or having diabetes mellitus using venous whole blood glucose compared to venous plasma glucose. We conclude that despite the minor anomaly between WHO diagnostic criteria based on venous whole blood glucose and venous plasma glucose measurements, these criteria are robust and give broadly comparable population prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance irrespective of blood sample choice. KEY WORDS Diabetes mellitus impaired glucose tolerance WHO diagnostic criteria Venous whole blood glucose Venous plasma glucose
Acta Diabetologica, 2008
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) like impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) has increased risk of progressing to diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of the study was to evaluate prevalance of IGT and type 2 DM with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Turkish patients who had fasting glucose of 110 and 125 mg/dl. Hundred and forty-eight (67.3%) women and 72 (32.7%) men (30-65 years old with mean age of 51.3 ± 8.7 year) who had fasting glucose range 110-125 mg/dl were evaluated with OGTT. Seventytwo patients had IGT (32.8%), 74 (33.6%) patients had type 2 diabetes and 74 (33.6%) patients had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Mean fasting glucose and insulin levels were higher in the IGT group than in the NGT group. Mean level of total cholesterol was higher in DM than that in NGT and IGT groups. Mean triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.476), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.594), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.612), Apoproteine A (P = 0.876), Apoproteine B (P = 0.518), uric acid (P = 0.948) and ferritin (P = 0.314) were found higher in diabetic patients. Lipoproteine a (P = 0.083), fibrinogen (P = 0.175) and hsCRP (P = 0.621) levels were higher in IGT. Mean HOMA S% levels of NGT, IGT and DM were found to be 65.0 ± 13.0%, 60.9 ± 16.0% and 50.1 ± 11.1%, respectively. HOMA B% levels were measured to be 80.4 ± 29.1% in NGT, 85.3 ± 14.59% in IGT and 60.1 ± 10.1% in DM. Significant difference was found between IFG and DM (P = 0.043) groups. The prevalences of diabetes and IGT were found to be 33.63 and 32.7% in IFG, respectively.