Helium production for 0.8–2.5 GeV proton induced spallation reactions, damage induced in metallic window materials (original) (raw)
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The proton beam window (PBW) is a component that separates the high-vacuum area of the accelerator from the target area in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex's Japan Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS). It is important to estimate the damage accumulated from proton beam irradiation to establish a safe lifetime for the window. The PBW is made of an aluminum alloy, which was chosen because of its successful use in the target safety hull of the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ). Post-irradiation examination (PIE) performed on SINQ Target 3 after irradiation with a 0.6 GeV proton beam measured the gas production in its aluminum safety hull. To estimate a safe lifetime for the JSNS PBW, we calculated the displacement per atom (DPA) and gas production rate using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) for 0.6-and 3-GeV protons. For the hydrogen gas production rate, PHITS shows good agreement with the SINQ PIE results; however, for the helium production rate, it predicts a 45% lower value than the experimental result of 1125 appm. The calculated result for helium production was normalized to fit the experimental results of SINQ. We conservatively estimate the lifetime of the JSNS PBW using the condition that the hydrogen production rate does not exceed the value measured at SINQ. The lifetime of the PBW corresponds to a proton beam fluence of 1.8 Â 10 21 cm À2 , which is equivalent to an integrated beam power of 8000 MW h with the designed current density of 10 lA cm À2 . The peak density will be reduced to 8.4 lA cm À2 to suppress cavitation pitting damage in the mercury target vessel. Consequently, the lifetime of the PBW will be 9500 MW h.
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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof. nor any of their employm, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, m mmendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
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Evaluated cross-section data files were prepared for the stable tungsten isotopes with the objective to provide reliable and sound nuclear data for activation and inventory calculations of the European Spallation Source (ESS) which utilizes a tungsten target irradiated by 2.5 GeV protons. The data files contain yields of radionuclides produced by proton induced reactions with incident energies up to 3 GeV. The data were obtained from the analysis of calculations using advanced nuclear models, available experimental data and systematics. The calculations of cross-sections were performed using the intranuclear cascade model, the pre-equilibrium exciton model, and the Hauser-Feshbach model. The available experimental information, results of calculations and systematics were applied for the evaluation of yields of residual nuclei using statistical methods implemented in the computer code package BEKED developed at KIT.