The Food of History, september 2010 (original) (raw)

Origin and Spread of Domestication and Farming

Origin and Spread of Domestication and Farming, 2021

So far, the Harvard historians and their British counterparts have chosen to present fake archaeological information, to establish the antiquity of West Asian Neolithic and domestication. In this book, original excavations reports have been compared for India on the one side and Syria, Israel, Jordan, Syria and Turkey on the other. This gives a completely different direction to history. The examination of ancient DNAs of the skeletons from the different parts of Eurasia, confirms an out of India migration, which can be demonstrated by means of archaeology as well as ancient DNAs. The white skin colour gene originated in India and with time it migrated to the north, where it increased in frequency due to strong selection pressure.

Agriculture Beginnings in West Africa,a re-evaluation of the Evidence

There are two schools of thought on the beginning of agriculture in West Africa. The first school is predicated on the idea of diffusion while the other believes that agriculture beginnings in West Africa was an independent development.The former believes that the knowledge of domestication of plants and animals is an 'alien culture'' to West Africans hence it got to them at a later date.Scholars as Childe,Clark,Robbins,Coursey,Dalby,Bakker, Suttons and Livingstone had at various times attempted to rationalise the nature of processess through which the idea of domestication of plants and animals spread to West Africa.

Introduction.: Agricultural origins: where next?

Farmers at the Frontier, 2020

At a 2009 Wenner-Gren symposium attended by many of the key players researching the origins of agriculture worldwide, a remarkable consensus was reached that there

Origin and Spread of Domestication and Farming Chapter 1

Notion Press, 2021

The archaeology of the first farming cultures has been bungled has been orchestrated and manipulated in such a way as to show that Anatolia and Levant were the first Neolithic sites of the world. However the authors have used concocted dates to prove the antiquity of these areas. On the other hand the original excavation reports and original radiocarbon dates say something else. On the other hand, in case of the Indian Neolithic sites like Mehrgarh, uncalibrated dates have been mentioned as calendar dates, thus reducing the antiquity of the Indian sites like Mehrgarh be 2000 years. This whole scandal has been presented in this book.

Agricultural Origins from the Ground Up: Archaeological Approaches to Plant Domestication

The timing, geographical locations, causes, and consequences of crop domestication have long been major concerns of archaeologists, and agricultural origins and dispersals are currently more relevant than ever to scientists seeking solutions to elusive problems involving food insecurity and global health disparities. Perennial research issues that archaeologists continue to tackle include (1) thinking outside centers of origin that were based on limited and insuffi cient past knowledge; (2) distinguishing between single and multiple domestications of specifi c crops; (3) measuring the pace of domestication; and (4) decoupling domestication from agricultural economies. Paleoethnobotanists have expanded their toolkits to include analysis of ancient and modern DNA and have added increasingly sophisticated techniques in the fi eld and the laboratory to derive precise chronological sequences to assess morphological changes in ancient and often fragmentary archaeobotanical remains and to correctly interpret taphonomy and context. Multiple lines of archaeological evidence are ideally brought together, and whenever possible, these are integrated with information from complementary sources. We discuss current perspectives and anthropological approaches to research that have as their goals the fuller and broader understanding of ancient farming societies, the plants that were domesticated, the landscapes that were created, and the culinary legacies that were passed on.

Worldwide interconnections of Africa using crops as historical and cultural markers

Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, G., Schiavo, M., Caron, E., Ongwen, D., Kamau, J.I., Rono, B., Leclerc, C. 2019. Worldwide interconnections of Africa using crops as historical and cultural markers. Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est, 52: 7-41. The historical, social, and economical importance of precolonial connections between Africa and the rest of the world has been undervalued. In the present study, we use crops as historical and social markers to analyze intercontinental connections from the perspective of Kenyan and Ugandan regions northeast of Lake Victoria. Crops were inventoried in 148 small farms from 74 localities, using successively free listing, to reveal their socio-cultural salience, and a closed list method, for a more complete picture of the agricultural, environmental and social diversity. The total sample included 75 crops (30 African, 21 Asian, 21 American, and 3 European). Among farms, crop richness varied from 6 to 32. It was higher in Uganda than in Kenya, and lowest around the Winam Gulf. The 12 American crops introduced at Renaissance were uniformly distributed, and the observed structure was mostly due to differences in African and Asian crop richness. In terms of crop frequency, exotic crops account for 74%, with 46% for American crops. The 14 most frequent crops included 10 from America, 3 from Asia, and 1 for Africa, with negligible differences among linguistic groups. Consistently, the free listing citation order demonstrated the high cultural salience of American crops. The spatial distribution of minor crops suggest differential diffusion among linguistic groups, which could be further studied using linguistic approaches on crop names.

Food and the Early History of Cultivation

1985

A cultural argument is proposed to explain the origins and development of cultivation in different areas of the world. It is suggested that culturally valued foodstuffs which reflected cultural categories of edibility, taste and other forms of sensory appeal may have had more of an influence on the domestication of plants than the search for staple crops. The role of food processing, cooking and the exchange of foodstuffs in the development of cultivation and the diffusion of plants and animals is examined. Then ideas are examined against the existing evidence of cultivation from archaeological sites in S.