Humidity Level on COVID-19 with Control Strategies (original) (raw)
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Coronaviruses are a family of viruses causing mild to severe upper respiratory tract syndrome. Recent pandemic threat caused by SARS-CoV-2 first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Whether the COVID-19 might be affected by warming global temperatures like some of previous pandemic flues. Therefore, the current study aims to analyze the effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 31 different provinces in China and 274 provinces and/or countries were obtained from an online database. The real time temperature and humidity of the respective regions were taken from another online weather reporting data source. Spearman [R(s)] rank correlation was performed to identify the relationship between the variables (e.g., temperature, number of confirmed cases etc.). The overall spreading of SARS-CoV-2 in relations to temperature was inversely correlated. Among 29 of 31 provinces of China the overall correlation coeffient of the relationship between temperature and viral spread was negative [-R(s)] where in 15 provinces the correlation was at significant level (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship observed between the SARS-CoV-2 spreading and air temperature throughout the 274 provinces and/or countries of the world. However, there was no significant corelationship between humidity and COVID-19 spreading either in China or among countries and/ or various regions of the world. The SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to be spread in a wide range of temperature throughout the world. Thus, several factors including temperature, may influnce the SARS-CoV-2 spreading. As a results, relatively elevated air temperature could not completely prevent viral spread but it might be one of the important detrimental factors for SARS-CoV-2 rapid spread.
Infection Ecology & Epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic Betacoronavirus causing the devastating COVID-19 pandemic. More than twelve million COVID-19 cases and 500 thousand fatalities have been reported in 216 countries. Although SARS-CoV-2 originated in China, comparatively fewer people have been affected in other Asian countries than in Europe and the USA. This study examined the hypothesis that lower temperature may increase the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by comparing attack rate and case fatality rate (until 21 March 2020) to mean temperature in January-February 2020. The attack rate was highest in Luxembourg followed by Italy and Switzerland. There was a significant (p = 0.02) correlation between decreased attack rate and increased environmental temperature. The case fatality rate was highest in Italy followed by Iran and Spain. There was no significant correlation between the case fatality rate and temperature. This study indicates that lower temperature may increase SARS-CoV-2 transmission (measured as an increased attack rate), but there is no evidence that temperature affects the severity of the disease (measured as case fatality rate). However, there are clearly other factors that affect the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and many of these may be sensitive to interventions, e.g. through increased public awareness and public health response.
Correlation of the global spread of coronavirus disease-19 with atmospheric air temperature
2020
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped virus that may be sensitive to heat. We assessed whether the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) correlates with air temperature. We also studied whether additional climate, geographical, and population variables were correlated. The total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and mortality rates reported in each country between 1st Jan and 31st Mar 2020 were compared with the country’s three-month average atmospheric air temperature, precipitation and latitude. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to identify significant correlations. Our analysis included a total of 748,555 confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide. The total number of patients with COVID-19 decreased with increasing atmospheric air temperature (ρ = –0.54, 95%CI: [-0.64, –0.42]; P <0.001) and increased with an increasing latitude (ρ = 0.60, 95%CI: [0.48, 0.70]; P <0.001). Our findings justify further studies to examine th...
Do Temperature and Humidity Affect the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2?-A Flexible Regression Analysis
Annals of Data Science
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible virus that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Temperature and humidity are two essential factors in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 affect the respiratory system of human. This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature and humidity on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the Spread Covid-19. The daily number of SARS-CoV-2 infected new cases, and the number of death due to Covid-19 are considered the response variables. Data are collected from March 08, 2020 to January 31, 2021. A flexible regression model under the Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape framework is used to analyze data. The temperature and humidity have a significant impact on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The temperature is highly significant in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infected new cases and number of death due to COVID-19. In contrast, the humidity is significant on the number of SARS-CoV-2 infected new cases, but it is insignificant on the number of death due to COVID-19 at a 5% level of significance. The analysis revealed that both the temperature and humidity inversely affected the daily number of deaths and new cases of COVID-19.
COVID-19 and climatic factors: A global analysis
Environmental Research, 2020
Background:It is unknown if COVID-19 will exhibit seasonal pattern as other diseases e.g., seasonal influenza. Similarly, some environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity) have been shown to be associated with transmission of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but global data on their association with COVID-19 are scarce.Objective: To examine the association between climatic factors and COVID-19.Methods: We used multilevel mixed-effects (two-level random-intercepts) negative binomial regression models to examine the association between 7- and 14-day-lagged temperature, humidity (relative and absolute), wind speed and UV index and COVID-19 cases, adjusting for Gross Domestic Products, Global Health Security Index, cloud cover (%), precipitation (mm), sea-level air-pressure (mb), and daytime length. The effects estimates are reported as adjusted rate ratio (aRR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Data from 206 countries (until April 20, 2020) with ≥100 reported cases each showed no association between COVID-19 cases and 7-day-lagged temperature, relative humidity, UV index, and wind speed, after adjusting for potential confounders, but a positive association with 14-day-lagged temperature and a negative association with 14-day-lagged wind speed. Compared to an absolute humidity <5g/m3, an absolute humidity of 5-10g/m3 was associated with a 23% (95% CI:6-42%) higher rate of COVID-19 cases, while absolute humidity >10g/m3 did not have a significant effect. These findings were robust in the 14-day-lagged analysis.Conclusion: Our results of higher COVID-19 cases (through April 20) at absolute humidity of 5-10g/m3 may be suggestive of a ‘sweet point’ for viral transmission, however only controlled laboratory experiments can decisively prove it.
Effects of Weather on Coronavirus Pandemic
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. While influenza virus shows seasonality, it is unknown if COVID-19 has any weather-related affect. In this work, we analyze the patterns in local weather of all the regions affected by COVID-19 globally. Our results indicate that approximately 85% of the COVID-19 reported cases until 1 May 2020, making approximately 3 million reported cases (out of approximately 29 million tests performed) have occurred in regions with temperature between 3 and 17 °C and absolute humidity between 1 and 9 g/m3. Similarly, hot and humid regions outside these ranges have only reported around 15% or approximately 0.5 million cases (out of approximately 7 million tests performed). This suggests that weather might be playing a role in COVID-19 spread across the world. However, this role could be limited in US and European cities (above 45 N), as mean temperature and absolute humidity l...
A chronicle of temperature and SARS-CoV-2 viability: a retrospective study
International Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020
The COVID-19 outbreak, which emerged in Wuhan city China, at the end of 2019, burgeoned into a pandemic in March 2020 and now has become a grievous public health issue. One of the pronounced features of this malady was its propensity of transmission in the healthcare premises, among close family and social contact. The stability of the virus at different temperature and the influence of meteorological factors on the transmission posed to be key factors for the spread of COVID-19 since the beginning. This study aimed to find the impact of temperature on the extremity of the COVID-19 outbreak on a worldwide scale and to explore the association between COVID-19 death and weather parameter. As it was earlier speculated that the transmission of COVID-19 might be dwindling or even disappeared when the temperature and UV radiation increase in the summer. So, since the climate seems to be one of the key variances between the countries with high and low COVID-19 cases, we have cross-checked temperature among the topmost 50 affected countries with COVID-19. Our perusal showed no possible association between low temperature and high temperature with increases number of daily COVID-19 cases throughout the world.
The Role of Temperature and Humidity in the Early Evolution of SARS CoV-2
2020
The new coronavirus SARS CoV-2 which causes the COVID-19 was declared as a global pandemic at 11 of March 2020. Since then, many studies have been conducted in order to determine the importance of environmental factors,mainly the temperature and humidity, in the dynamics of the pandemic. Although there is some evidence that the environment can modulate the transmission of the virus, it is yet to be determined if seasonal and meteorological variations could play an important role in the spread of the virus. In this study, we analyse observational data from four different European countries in order to explore whether temperature and humidity influence the reported incidence. It is observed that in Spain and Italy there is a negative correlation between temperature and humidity with the incidence of the disease. However, this is not the case for the four analyzed countries. Consequently, from the data analyzed here we cannot conclude that temperature or humidity are main drivers in the transmission dynamics of SARS CoV-2.
An Analysis of Correlation between Temperature and Infection in Covid-2019 Transmission
The COVID-19 epidemic is causing an international health emergency attention and imposing financial damage to economies to lock down the countries in strict quarantine measures. Further the relationship between temperature and humidity with COVID-19 affected cities around the world justifies exceptional consideration. Geographical location 30-50 °N' of equator having an average temperatures between 5-11 °C, and absolute humidity (4-7 g/m 3) had higher capacity of transmission of respiratory viruses due to environmental factors in which pathogen and host meet. The strategies to fight coronavirus must pay consideration to the environmental factors such as weather and climate, humidity, temperature, and airflow on the transmission of human respiratory viruses to identify further scientific knowledge to fill the gaps. Further the outbreak has some positive and negative impact on earth's environment, which includes reduced CO2 level, and better air quality, while matter of concern for authorities is how to dispose-off infected waste tissue and old face masks.