Social-Cognitive Determinants of Physical Activity Attendance in Older Adults (original) (raw)
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An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Exercise Among Older Adults1
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1998
One hundred five older adults enrolled in exercise classes were recruited from local YMCAs. Exercise behavior was measured 1, 3, and 9 months after beginning the exercise class. Intentions were not a significant predictor of exercise behavior, probably because of a lack of variance; most people intended to exercise. The direct measures of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, however, explained 9% of exercise behavior at 1 month. They did not significantly explain behavior at 3 and 9 months. When the indirect measure of subjective norms explained 18% of exercise behavior at 1 month. The indirect measure of perceived behavioral control accounted for 27% of the variance at I month and 10% at 3 months.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was analysed differences between attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC between groups of individuals who do physical exercise and those who do not. Method: In order to investigate the different effects of attitudes, subjective norms, PBC on intention in both groups a structural equation modelling was employed. 886 subjects completed a questionnaire measuring the components of TPB model. The first group was formed by 332 people who did not practise and the second group was formed by 554 people who practised physical exercise. Results: Results confirmed differences between two groups of people in the prediction capacity of TPB model. In the first group, all variables explained 65% of the variance in intention. In the second group subjective norm and perceived behavioural control had a significant impact on intention and the three variables explained 67% of its variance. t Conclusions: Findings supported the important role of TPB in the context of p...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), augmented by the concept of self-concordance (derived from self-determination theory, SDT), we conducted a study to identify the key determinants of physical activity in older adults. We applied structural equation modeling of telephone survey data from a random sample of adults aged 65 years and older living in Germany (N = 865). Relations of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) with intention strength and self-concordance of intention to be physically active were tested. Habit strength was analyzed as a moderator. Data analysis showed this model to be well-suited for explaining the intention to be physically active—especially for people with a weak habit. The influence of TPB components on intention would have been underestimated if we had investigated intention strength only, without considering the self-concordance of intention. While attitude and PBC had positive relations with a strong and self-determ...
An Extended Model of Theory of Planned Behaviour in Predicting Exercise Intention
International Business Research, 2009
The main purpose of the present study was to propose and test an extended model with the addition of perceived need in predicting exercise participation, drawing upon the theory of planned behaviour. Cross-sectional data was collected via self-administered surveys from general adults sample (n = 217). The instrument was first validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to test for unidimensionality, convergent and discriminant validity. Model and hypotheses testing were performed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The extended model accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in exercise intention (R 2 = 0.798). Specific findings revealed that: (1) all predictors were significantly correlated with exercise intention; (2) attitude components, perceived control, and perceived need predicted exercise intention; (3) instrumental attitude emerged as the strongest predictor of intention. This study has important implications for marketing practitioners, consumer researchers, and public policy makers interested in the determinants of exercise participation.
Older adults' exercise behavior: roles of selected constructs of social-cognitive theory
Journal of aging and physical activity, 2007
Exercise is consistently related to physical and psychological health benefits in older adults. Bandura's social-cognitive theory (SCT) is one theoretical perspective on understanding and predicting exercise behavior. Thus, the authors examined whether three SCT variables-self-efficacy, self-regulation, and outcome-expectancy value-predicted older adults' (N = 98) exercise behavior. Bivariate analyses revealed that regular exercise was associated with being male, White, and married; having higher income, education, and self-efficacy; using self-regulation skills; and having favorable outcome-expectancy values (p < .05). In a simultaneous multivariate model, however, self-regulation (p = .0097) was the only variable independently associated with regular exercise. Thus, exercise interventions targeting older adults should include components aimed at increasing the use of self-regulation strategies.
Iranian journal of medical sciences, 2012
Regular physical activity is ranked as a leading health indicator. Despite the extensive benefits of physical activity, elder people are much less active than desired. Using Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the self-efficacy construct, this study examined the prediction of physical activity intention and behavior in a sample of elderly male resident of a nursing home. In a cross-sectional study of the residents of Kahrizak Nursing Home in Tehran, Iran, elderly men who were 60 years or older, capable of independent living, mobility, and verbal communication were asked to complete measures of the TPB, self-efficacy and physical activity behavior. A hierarchical step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that affective/instrumental attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 32.8% of the variance in physical activity intention, and self-efficacy provided an additional 2.7%. In a reverse step regression, the TPB variables explained an additional...
Applying An Extended Version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Physical Activity
Journal of sports sciences, 2003
This prospective study explored whether extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with additional variables (descriptive norm, moral norm, anticipated affective reaction, self-identity and past behaviour) would account for additional variance in physical activity intentions and behaviour. Four interactions with past behaviour were also investigated. UK college employees participated in this study (n = 200, Time 1; n = 146, Time 2). Moral norm, self-identity and past behaviour each explained additional variance in intentions, over and above the TPB variables. Past behaviour moderated the impact of descriptive norm on intentions. Intentions, self-identity and past behaviour were significant predictors of behaviour, as measured by a self-report physical activity questionnaire. To increase physical activity, interventions might target moral norm and selfidentity for physical activity. Focusing on positive descriptive norms might benefit sedentary individuals. The significant role of past behaviour is less useful in directing interventions.
Journal of Aging and Health
Objectives The present study applied the Integrated Behavior Change Model to investigate how behavioral decisions are predicted, namely, intention, planning, and habits, with respect to physical activity. Methods: Participants were older adults (ages 65+) residing in the U.S. ( N = 667) who completed online measures of behavioral determinants (autonomous motivation, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, attitudes, intention, habit, and consistency), in addition to past behavior. Results: A structural equation model revealed that intention was predicted by past behavior and social-cognitive determinants. Social cognitive determinants mediated between past behavior and habit, as well as between autonomous motivation and habit. Intention mediated between past behavior and planning. Discussion: This study highlights the importance of multiple processes (social cognitive, habit/automatic, and post-intentional/planning) that formulate physical activity intentions. Mediation path...
Frontiers in psychology, 2015
In the processes of physical activity (PA) maintenance specific predictors are effective, which differ from other stages of PA development. Recently, Physical Activity Maintenance Theory (PAMT) was specifically developed for prediction of PA maintenance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictability of the future behavior by the PAMT and compare it with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Participation rate in a fitness center was observed for 101 college students (53 female) aged between 19 and 32 years (M = 23.6; SD = 2.9) over 20 weeks using a magnetic card. In order to predict the pattern of participation TPB, SCT and PAMT were used. A latent class zero-inflated Poisson growth curve analysis identified two participation patterns: regular attenders and intermittent exercisers. SCT showed the highest predictive power followed by PAMT and TPB. Impeding aspects as life stress and barriers were the strongest predictors suggesting ...