Captivity for Conservation? Zoos at a Crossroads. (original) (raw)

Abstract

This paper illuminates a variety of issues that speak to the question of whether ‘captivity for conservation’ can be an ethically acceptable goal of the modern zoo. Reflecting on both theoretical disagreements (animal protectionists versus wildlife conservationists) and practical challenges (the small percentage of endangered species actually exhibited in zoos, disappointing success of reintroduction programs), the paper explains why the ‘Noah’s Ark’ paradigm is being replaced by an alternative ‘integrated approach.’ It explores the changes in the zoo’s core tasks that the new paradigm implies. And it pays special attention to the changes that would have to be made in zoos’ collection policies: connection with in situ projects, emphasizing local species and the local biogeographical region, exchange of animals among zoos and between zoos and wildlife, and a shift towards smaller species. Finally the question will be addressed whether the new paradigm will achieve a morally acceptable balance between animal welfare costs and species conservation benefits.

Key takeaways

AI

1. The paper argues zoos must evolve from the Noah's Ark paradigm to an integrated conservation approach.
2. Zoos currently exhibit only 15% of threatened terrestrial vertebrate species, limiting conservation effectiveness.
3. Critics cite low success rates of reintroduction programs, with only 16 out of 145 being successful.
4. The integrated approach emphasizes local species and partnerships with in situ conservation projects.
5. Shifting focus to smaller species may enhance conservation outcomes and animal welfare in captivity.

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

FAQs

AI

What are key limitations of current zoo breeding programs for conservation?add

Current zoo breeding programs only manage about 15% of threatened vertebrate species, struggling to maintain genetic diversity due to limited space and numbers, as noted by Sarah Long in her analysis.

How has the view of zoos shifted towards the integrated approach?add

The shift from viewing zoos as merely 'Noah's Arks' to conservation centers emphasizes broader roles like research and community involvement, reflecting changes in the 2005 World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy.

What ethical dilemmas do zoos face when balancing animal welfare and conservation?add

The ethical tensions arise as animal rights advocates argue against captivity for convenience, while utilitarians like Singer accept captivity if it serves significant conservation purposes, complicating the zoo’s moral standing.

What key philosophical conflict exists between animal ethicists and conservationists?add

The debate primarily revolves around individual versus species-level moral consideration, highlighted by Callicott's critique of animal rights theories lacking ecological perspective, resulting in polarization among conservation strategies.

How do smaller species in zoos impact conservation efforts?add

Focusing on smaller species enhances conservation viability, as they require less space and face fewer welfare challenges, potentially increasing both zoo attendance and species preservation efforts.