Post-Reform Evaluation of the Transmission Sub-System of the Nigerian Electricity Value-Chain (original) (raw)
Related papers
The interruption of power system due to the occurrence of faults on the system constitutes a problem to electricity consumers in Nigeria. As it is being witnessed all around the nation, most especially in urban commercial cities, the average duration of interruption that customers experience is quite high and the degree varies from place to place. Using Ibadan South-West Nigeria as a case study, the available years 2002 – 2006 station by station load outages and down time losses were evaluated. Mathematical method and tabular form were used to show clearly the problems associated with Transmission network. The data collected were analyzed mathematically to estimate the reliability of the power system secondary transmission Network in Ibadan over the period of five years. The results obtained from the analysis of the data collected showed that the power transmission network for this period was not reliable due to some identified problems associated with quantity and quality of power supply to the network. It was observed that 2002 electricity supply was the most reliable with 73.5% of the system working without failure and 2006 has the least supply of 5.7% of the system working without failure. The percentage of the system working without failure over the past five (5) years showed that the system was unreliable with 30.6% load supplied to the consumers out of 90.4% available
Economic Effects of Technical and Non Technical Losses in Nigeria Power Transmission System
The Nigerian 330Kv transmission network is faced with various problems. This paper has focused on the technical and non-technical losses estimated in the network. The network is characterized by high voltage drops and power losses which can be attributed to low generation, long and fragile radial network, making it highly prone to failure, unreliability, inefficiency and poor performance. The network was analyzed using Power World Simulator (PWS), the result showed that the energy loss due to the 330Kv transmission network is about 454.73 GW amounting to over 4.4 billion naira.
Contingency Evaluation Of The Nigerian 330kv Transmission Grid
2017
A single line contingency analysis and generator(s) outages were carried out on 330kV, 27-Bus power network using MATPOWER 4.1 embedded in MATLAB to carry out fast decoupled load flow studies in order to identify the voltage violation at various buses, determine power losses at the transmission lines and to compute the performance indices. The performance indices were further ranked in accordance with their severity index. Voltages less than 0.95pu were assumed to be low voltages and voltages greater than 1.05pu were also assumed to be high voltages. We also assumed those power losses greater than 5% are unacceptable. So a base case comparative analysis of the load flow studies using three conventional methods showed that Gauss Seidel could not converge in 0.93seconds and 1000 iterations, Newton Raphson converged in 0.15seconds, and 6 iterations. However, Fast Decoupled Load Flow converged in 0.01second and 28 iterations. Hence, owing to its time for numerical iteration, its capacity to hold as much data as possible, and its merit of having a matrix alteration formula that can be incorporated and used to simulate problem of contingencies involving power system equipment outages without involving the inversion of the Jacobian matrix for all iterations, then FDLF is considered extensively in the research work. Thereafter, outages of one and two generators are considered to investigate their effect on the voltage drop and power loss. Further, N-1 secure was also carried out on the transmission lines to investigate the performance indices of the lines which were later ranked in accordance with their severity. The outcome of the simulations showed that at a time when there was an outage of Kainji-GS, low voltages were found at Kano, Jos, Gombe, Kaduna, Katampe, Oshogbo, Ajaokuta, New Haven, Aiyede, Ikeja-West, Onitsha, and Akangba buses. And there were also power losses greater than 5% at Ikeja-West to Egbin, Ikeja-West to Benin,Oshogbo to Benin, Kaduna to Shiroro, Kano to Kaduna, Jos to Kaduna and Jos to Gombe. Moreso, it is pertinent to mention that the outage of Kainji GS and the outage of Calabar and Sapele GS showed low voltages at the same buses. The single line contingency evaluation carried out shows that transmission lines from Kaduna to Shiroro have the highest performance indices and are ranked number one. The ranking continued until the line with the least severity index which was found to be Jebba GS to Jebba TS.
Economic Effect of Technical and Non Technical Losses in Nigeria Power Transmission System
The Nigerian 330Kv transmission network is faced with various problems. This paper has focused on the technical and non-technical losses estimated in the network. The network is characterized by high voltage drops and power losses which can be attributed to low generation, long and fragile radial network, making it highly prone to failure, unreliability, inefficiency and poor performance. The network was analyzed using Power World Simulator (PWS), the result showed that the energy loss due to the 330Kv transmission network is about 454.73 GW amounting to over 4.4 billion naira.
2017
Efficient electric power transmission is a major concern in Nigeria. Electric power transmission is the link between power generation and power distribution network. The performance evaluation of the 132KV Sub-transmission lines is a research work carried out to ascertain the status of the networks for better performance. The data used in the research work were obtained from the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) substations and the networks under consideration constitute five generating stations which are Afam 4 & 5, Afam 6 (Shell), Omoku, Trans-Amadi and Independent Power Project (IPP) at Afam. The 132KV networks of the Port-Harcourt Sub-region under analysis constitute 9 numbers of 132KV active networks and 8 numbers of 33KV active networks and the total active loads connected to the 33KV buses were 443.617MVA. Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP 12.6) was used to model the network and to perform simulation using Newton-Raphson techniques to solve the static load flow ...
COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL LOSSES IN SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA POWER NETWORK
BAYERO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (BJET), 2022
This paper presents the comparative analysis of technical losses on its financial assessment associated with the distribution of power in the South Eastern part of Nigeria. This analysis is performed with the aid of electrical transient and analysis program (ETAP), wherein the South Eastern Nigeria distribution network was first modeled and its load flow generated using Newton Raphson iterative load flow method for all two hundred and three (203) load buses in the network. The system technical losses are evaluated for four cases: system alone, on-load tap changes (OLTC), fixed tap and on-load tap changes (FTOLTC), and optimal capacitor placement. The results showed that when the network is operating at 100 percent (%) load demand, the system active and reactive power losses recorded were 44.33 MW and 165.3511 MVAR respectively, while they were 11.973 MW and 0.68 MVAR when capacitor banks are used in the loss reduction. The results also showed improvements of the average power factor of 74.9% lagging. The average percentage bus loading improves to 30.1% from 42.69%, while the percentage voltage drop across transmission is 5.75%. The financial assessment of these losses show the accumulative profit over a four year period in billions of naira as the system yields profit of three hundred and eighty-seven billion, four hundred and forty-three million six hundred and sixty eight thousand naira only (N387,443,668,000) in its first year of operation and gradually increases to one trillion, five hundred and sixty-two billion, eighty-seven million, three hundred and ninety thousand naira only (N1,562,087,390,000) even after the installation and operation capitals are removed from the net annual loss reduction savings in naira. It is therefore recommended for the proposed rated capacitor banks to be installed at the recommended sub-stations to yield profit which could be then injected back into the generation to improve system supply in the South Eastern Nigeria electricity distribution system.
EVALUATION OF TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION POWER OUTAGES IN NIGERIA
Global Scientific, 2021
The study evaluated transmission distribution power outages in Nigeria power network for improved performances using reliability-indexes techniques. The network was modelled in Electrical Transient Analyzer program software (ETAP12.6). Firstly, the operating condition of the network was determined using Newton-Raphson load flow technique. Furthermore, the reliability of the network was assessed for single contingency using (ETAP 12.6) software. The result of the base case test system with no DG shows the over system reliability index of the system [SAIDI 31.2127hr/customer year, SAIFI is 6.3764 interruption /customer year, CAIDI is 4.895 hr /customer interruption, ASAI is 0.9564pu and ASUI is 0.0436pu]. Similarly, when a wind turbine DG of 10MW was integrated at the load points, the overall reliability index of the system was improved. The result obtained are [SAIDI is 24.7004 hr/customer year, SAIFI is 4.9910 interruption /customer year, CAIDI is 4.949hr/customer interruption, ASAI is 0.9972pu and ASUI is 0.00282pu.]