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Written by educators working in the Hawaiian charter school movement, this article discusses Hālau Kū Mānaʻs project- and community-based approach to social studies. In describing our high school level curriculum, the authors of this article problematize US occupation of Hawai‘i and the ways that occupation has been naturalized through schools for more than a century. We argue that educating youth to think critically and speak out about social issues impacting Hawaiian lands and communities is crucial to nurturing a healthy lāhui Hawaiʻi. Vigorous political engagement, informed community participation, and a commitment to aloha ʻāina are hallmarks of a vibrant Hawaiian social body. The curriculum we describe, grounded in aloha ʻāina and kuleana, is offered as a path to lead our people out of “huikau,” confusion.
Diving and hyperbaric medicine, 2010
Many divers report less fatigue following dives breathing enriched air nitrox (EANx) compared with breathing air. A reduction of post-dive fatigue with EANx would suggest a pathological origin, possibly the presence of asymptomatic nitrogen bubbles in the body after a dive. We studied fatigue in 219 healthy divers performing either an air (n = 121) or EANx32 (oxygen 32%, nitrogen 68%; n = 98) dive to 21.2 ± 4 metres' sea water for 43.3 ± 8.6 minutes in tropical open-water conditions. Divers were assessed pre-dive and 30-60 minutes after surfacing using a visual analog scale (VAS) of fatigue and critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF). The two groups were comparable in sex ratio, age and diving experience. The change in perceived fatigue level after a single dive was significantly lower when EANx was breathed compared to air dives (VAS; P < 0.001). Compared to pre-dive, CFFF decreased by 6% in the air group (P < 0.01) but increased by 4% in the EANx group (P < 0.05). Th...
Protection, mobility and livelihood challenges of displaced Iraqis in urban settings in Jordan
This is a study of Iraqis displaced in Jordan, taking particular note of the urban settings in which the largest number of Iraqis have settled and of their specific status as “guests.” It aims to inform nearand long-term planning regarding—and necessarily involving—Iraqis throughout the region, as well as to contribute a case study on this particular group of displaced persons to the development by UNHCR and other actors of policies that might be broadly applicable regarding refugees and other persons of concern in urban settings.The study was prepared by the International Catholic Migration Commission (ICMC) with the support of the Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs. It examines the motivations, current context and effects of both the Iraqi displacement and this conspicuous urban preference, framing central issues and approaches to assistance and protection for the Iraqis during their displacement and beyond. Moreover, given that not only the governments in the region and international community but also the Iraqis themselves recognise the need for—and difficulty of crafting—durable solutions, the paper develops a coherence between human and national security and development perspectives, between particular obstacles and opportunities that arise for refugees and others displaced in urban settings, and among status-related vulnerabilities.