Protective effects of a natural substance from chicken gizzard as a novel application for the treatment of renal calculi: A randomized pilot study (original) (raw)
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Nutritional Management of Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Clinical Nutrition Research, 2015
The incidence of kidney stones is common in the United States and treatments for them are very costly. This review article provides information about epidemiology, mechanism, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of kidney stone formation, and methods for the evaluation of stone risks for new and follow-up patients. Adequate evaluation and management can prevent recurrence of stones. Kidney stone prevention should be individualized in both its medical and dietary management, keeping in mind the specific risks involved for each type of stones. Recognition of these risk factors and development of long-term management strategies for dealing with them are the most effective ways to prevent recurrence of kidney stones.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.11\_Issue.7\_July2021/IJHSR-Abstract.041.html, 2021
Nephrolithiasis is a process of forming renal calculi or stones in the kidneys. Certain biochemical changes such as formation of reactive oxygen species are the potential causes for epithelial tissue damage resulting in the idiopathic formation and accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals. There are many evidences available for the protective involvement of antioxidants against oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis. Also many formulations of traditional plants having stone breaking, stone dissolving, and diuretic activities, are available in market as ayurvedic treatments for nephrolithiasis. Most of the ayurvedic formulations available in the treatment of nephrolithiasis are generally churna, syrups, tablets or capsules. Many patients show incompliance for regularly ingesting these formulations. Chyawanprash is one of the oldest and most popular Ayurvedic preparations; it is widely sold and consumed as a dietary supplement as well as health promotive and disease preventive formulation. Considering these factors the Chyawanprash formulation was made using all these traditional plants having well reported antinephrolithiatic, nephroprotective and diuretic activities to treat nephrolithiasis in effective and compliable manner. Chyawanprash is prepared as per the instructions documented in Ayurvedic texts Charaka Samhita, the ancient Ayurvedic treatise. Its evaluation is done to calculate its organoleptic properties, pH, shelf life, stability and microbial contamination, Phase separation. Hence we can conclude that Chyawanprash will no longer be just an Immunity builder but it can be used as an effective and compliable medicine for nephrolithiasis treatment.
Medical and alternative therapies in urinary tract stone disease
World journal of nephrology, 2015
Nephrolithiasis is a serious problem for both patients and the health system. Recurrence stands out as a significant problem in urinary system stone disease, the prevalence of which is increasing gradually. If recurrence is not prevented, patients may go through recurrent operations due to nephrolithiasis. While classical therapeutic options are available for all stone types, the number of randomized controlled studies and extensive meta-analyses focusing on their efficiency are inadequate. Various alternative therapeutic options to these medical therapies also stand out in recent years. The etiology of urolithiasis is multifactorial and not always related to nutritional factors. Nutrition therapy seems to be useful, either along with pharmacological therapy or as a monotherapy. General nutrition guidelines are useful in promoting public health and developing nutrition plans that reduce the risk or attenuate the effects of diseases affected by nutrition. Nutrition therapy involves t...
Best Practice No 181: Chemical pathology clinical investigation and management of nephrolithiasis
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2005
Renal stones have afflicted humans for millennia but there is still no solution to this problem. This review discusses the laboratory and metabolic aspects of the clinical management of patients with renal stones, both primary and secondary in origin. First, non-pharmacological interventions such as increased fluid intake, decreased protein consumption, dietary changes in sodium, calcium, oxalate, potassium, purine, vitamins, and essential fatty acids are considered. Then specific pharmacological treatment to modify urine calcium, oxalate, urate, citrate, and acidity are considered. Finally, more unusual types of stone are examined.
Update on dietary recommendations and medical treatment of renal stone disease
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - NEPHROL DIALYSIS TRANSPLANT, 2000
was low in both samples (131 and thiasis; renal stones 209 mg/day respectively). A 72-h dietary record showed a usual calcium intake of 314 mg/day, protein intake of 0.8 g/kg/day and phosphate intake of 673 mg/day. The estimated sodium chloride (NaCl) Case report intake, calculated from Na excretion was 27 g/day. Dual X-ray absorptiometry showed that bone mineral A 42-year-old white man was referred to the outpatient density (BMD) was 1.020 g/cm2 (Z-score, −1.84; renal stone clinic of the Division of Nephrology T-score, −1.48) in the lumbar spine, and 0.932 g/cm2 because of recurrent renal colic. The week before he (Z-score, −1.15; T-score, −0.60) in the femoral neck. had been rushed to the emergency room where he Serum intact parathyroid hormone was normal received pain relief drugs. On admission, the patient (29 pg/ml). Thyroid function tests and serum testosterwas asymptomatic, but reported that at age 32 he had one were normal. Potassium citrate (40 mEq/day) and passed his first stone. During the ensuing 10 years, he thiazides (25 mg/day) were prescribed to control hypopresented five other episodes of renal colic, and one citraturia, hypercalciuria and osteopenia, and the endoscopic procedure was required for stone removal. patient was advised to reduce NaCl intake, to maintain The patient denied smoking and consumed alcohol a calcium intake of approximately 800 mg/day and a occasionally. One brother has also passed stones. daily fluid intake of at least 3000 ml. As the patient Physical examination was normal, his weight was remained asymptomatic, he decided to discontinue 76 kg, height 167 cm, blood pressure 130/90 mmHg. A potassium citrate. After 2 years on thiazides, there plain abdominal radiograph revealed one calcification was a 5% increase in BMD in the lumbar spine probably located in the right ureter. A further intraven-(1.076 g/cm2) and an 11% increase in the neck site, ous pyelography revealed mild secondary calyceal and his urinary calcium decreased to 273 mg/day. dilatation. The patient was submitted to two sessions A second dietary record showed that his calcium of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), intake had increased to 719 mg/day, phosphate to being stone-free after the second one. Voided calculus 1288 mg/day, and protein to 1.2 g/kd/day (probably fragments were not available for crystallographic anadue to a higher consumption of dairy products). NaCl lysis. Laboratory evaluation was started soon after intake was decreased to 13 g/day. He remained stonestone removal, to determine underlying metabolic free until the fourth year of follow-up, when a routine abnormalities. Serum concentrations of calcium, uric ultrasound revealed two new stones (4 and 6 mm) in acid, phosphorus and creatinine were normal. the right kidney. An abdominal plain X-ray was Creatinine clearance was 113 ml/min. Urinalysis and normal. The diagnosis of pure uric acid stones urine culture were negative. Cystine screening was also was made because the stones were radiolucent. negative. Two non-consecutive 24 h urine samples were Consequently the patient was advised to add potassium obtained under conditions of usual diet. Urinary volcitrate to his thiazide regimen. An ultrasound perumes were 4720 and 2570 ml/day. Urinary calcium formed 6 months later, showed only one stone, even excretion was high in both samples (373 and though the patient had not reported passing any stone. 285 mg/day respectively). Urinary sodium was also Medication was maintained but one stone was high (467 and 290 mEq/day). Urinary uric acid was observed at the time of the last control ultrasound. within normal limits (665 and 624 mg/day) and citrate The patient is again asymptomatic, taking thiazides and potassium citrate.
Renal Calculi: An Evidence Based Case Study
Very often patients, suffering from renal calculi are reluctant to surgery unless there is much trouble. They look for medical management whether allopathic, homeopathic or ayurvedic, to get rid of it. Literatures show effectiveness of homeopathic medicines in expulsion of moderate to big sized renal stones. This case reported here is such an example which again proves the importance of individualization and thus efficacy of homeopathic medicines in addressing the underlying cause and expulsion of renal stone. Phosphorus, a homoeopathic remedy has acted nicely and helped to clear the renal stone.
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 2019
Background: Urolithiasis is a growing problem worldwide. Many a times, asymptomatic stones are kept under observation. Many herbal preparations are available for the same, but they lack proper scientific documentation. Objective: To study the anti-urolithiatic effect of an herbal preparation, Subap Plus (IP) capsules in patients with asymptomatic renal calculi of size ranging from 4 to 9 mm. Material and methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India. Patients with asymptomatic renal calculi of 4e9 mm size were randomized (1:1, block randomization) to one of the group Subap Plus (treatment group) or placebo (placebo group). The study outcome included change in visual analog scale (VAS), change in the surface area and density of calculi and their expulsion. Statistical analysis was performed using student's t-test and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 120 patients were screened and 84 were enrolled who met the eligibility criteria, of which 65 patients completed the trial (treatment, n ¼ 34; placebo, n ¼ 31). The VAS score significantly decreased in the treatment group (6.9e1.8) than placebo group (7.2e6.8) (p < 0.001). The surface area and density were decreased by 47.58% (p < 0.008) and 43.01% (p < 0.001), respectively, in the treatment group than the placebo group. The expulsion of calculi was significantly higher in the treatment group than placebo group (20.59 vs. 3.23%, p < 0.03). Conclusion: Patients treated with herbal formulation showed better expulsion rate and reduction in surface area and density than the placebo group.
Kidney stones are one of the most common urological problems.(they undergo 12%MEN are more likely than women (6%) to develop kidney stones and the first incidence of stones usually occurs between 20-40 years of age. .Calcium is used for kidney failure used taking calcium carbonate or calcium acetate by mouth is effective for controlling high phosphate levels in the blood in people with kidney failure, calcium citrate is not effective for treating this condition. .Lemon -not having enough citrate in the urine seems to be increases the risk of developing kidney stones. There is 95%evidence that drinking. 2litres of lemonade throughout a day signecantly decrease the citrate levels in the urine. soy =kidney diseases in the people with diabetes, soy ,iso flavons might help prevent or heat kidney diseases in people with diabetes. stone root( herb) it is used in kidney stones and urinary tract infections. Suppose if patient took high doses of stone root drug, it undergo side effects ie dizziness, nausea, painful, stomach irritation..turmeric -it is inflammation (lupus erythrmatous), advance research suggest that taking turmeric daily for 3months can reduce blood pressure and improve kidney inflammation. So Suppose if patient took high doses of turmeric drug, it undergo side effects ie nausea, dizziness, diarrhea. significant risk reasons are 1.Lack of patient counseling.2.Lack of medication adherence.3.Lack of awareness regarding antibiotic résistance.4.No rational use of drugs. 5.prescription of high power antibiotics.6.Maintenance of unhygienic condition.The best way of preventing kidney stones is to make sure to drink plenty of water each day to avoid becoming dehydration.. 1.Reducing salt intake2.Maintain a healthy diet3.Avoid fructose containing soft drinks4.Patient dietary calcium intake 700-1000mg per day.5.For patient urate stones reduce dietary purine rich protein like red meat,sea food,fish,animal protein.6.For patient calcium stones reducing eating oxalate rich food like potato chips, pear nuts,chocolate,beets,spinach.. This case reported here is such an example which again proves the importance of individualization and thus efficacy kidney stones can be very painful as you we'll know developing deposition of minerals and acid salts, oxalate, ureate, cystine phosphates, on the surface of the kidney stick, tougher and solidify, forming stone that can be as small as a grain of stand as large as golf ball, while simple life style changes and natural medication may help prevent kidney stone forming.
Kidney stones: an update on current pharmacological management and future directions
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2013
Introduction-Kidney stones are a common problem worldwide with substantial morbidities and economic costs. Medical therapy reduces stone recurrence significantly. Much progress has been made in the last several decades in improving therapy of stone disease. Areas covered-1) effect of medical expulsive therapy on spontaneous stone passage, 2) pharmacotherapy in the prevention of stone recurrence, 3) future directions in the treatment of kidney stone disease. Expert Opinion-fluid intake to promote urine volume of at least 2.5L each day is essential to prevent stone formation. Dietary recommendations should be adjusted based on individual metabolic abnormalities. Properly dosed thiazide treatment is the standard therapy for calcium stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Potassium alkali therapy is considered for hypocitraturia, but caution should be taken to prevent potential risk of calcium phosphate stone formation. For absorptive hyperoxaluria, low oxalate diet and increased dietary calcium intake are recommended. Pyridoxine has been shown effective in some cases of primary hyperoxaluria type I. Allopurinol is used in calcium oxalate stone formers with hyperuricosuria. Treatment of cystine stones remains challenging. Tiopronin can be used if urinary alkalinization and adequate fluid intake are insufficient. For struvite stones, complete surgical removal coupled with appropriate antibiotic therapy is necessary.
Evaluation and Management of Kidney Calculi
2017
INTRODUCTION The recent change in the view towards nephrolithiasis from a benign isolated disease to a disorder associated with numerous systemic and chronic conditions has added to the importance of a more thorough and timely diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both original and review articles found via the PubMed search on recent evaluation and management strategies of urinary calculi were reviewed. These resources were integrated with the authors' knowledge of the field. RESULTS The emerging evidence attests to the association of nephrolithiasis with many morbid and fatal diseases, such as coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, hypertension, chronic kidney insufficiency, malignancies, and bone loss, as well as the economic burden of urinary calculus on health system and work force. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this review justify a timely and comprehensive workup and dietary-therapeutic measures in order to prevent, treat, and control the associated c...