Narrative Review on Prenatal, Intrapartum and Neonatal Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy in Children (original) (raw)

Evaluation of risk factors for cerebral palsy

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Background Cerebral palsy (CP) has been identified as one of the most important and common causes of childhood disabilities worldwide and is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities. CP is defined as a group of disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The objective of our study was to describe main clinical pattern and motor impairments of our patients, and to evaluate the presence of risk factors and if there is a relation to the type of cerebral palsy. Methods Children with cerebral palsy were retrospectively enrolled over 2 years from the neurology outpatient clinics. Cerebral palsy risk factors and motor impairments were determined through caregiver interviews, review of medical records, and direct physical examination. Results One thousand children with cerebral palsy were enrolled. Subjects were 64.4% male, with a median age of ...

Association of Risk Factors of Cerebral Palsy – a Matched Case Control Study

International Journal of Physiotherapy, 2020

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the leading causes of childhood disability worldwide. The exact etiology of CP is poorly understood, but many risk factors are related to problems during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. The age and sex-matched control study were done to evaluate the association of perinatal risk factors with the development of CP among children in a rural area. Methods: The study was conducted in the Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR). Seventy clinically diagnosed CP children as cases and 70 children without CP as controls were included. Information regarding perinatal risk factors was collected from the parents of the children. Data were collected and statistically analyzed by using the Mc-Nemar chi-square test. Results: The study results suggested that children with male sex (53%) had a higher incidence of CP compared to female (47%) children. Spastic diplegia (60%) was the most common subtype of CP. The significant 'p' value (< 0.01) reveals that all the perinatal risk factors are associated with the development of CP. Conclusion: This study concluded that spastic diplegia was the most common subtype of CP. The perinatal risk factors such as preterm, low birth weight, birth asphyxia, and neonatal seizures had a significant association with the development of CP.

Cerebral palsy: review of epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, classification and prevention

Romanian Journal of Pediatrics

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopment disorder caused by improper brain development or harm to the developing brain and is the underlying cause of the most common motor disability in children. The clinical symptoms vary between subjects because the etiology is complex and can affect a variety of anatomical structures and each of these can lead to a different symptom. The motor dysfunction is often associated with sensory, perceptual, cognitive, communication and behaviour impairments as well as epilepsy and secondary musculoskeletal disorders which have a significant influence on the child’s quality of life, activity, and participation. The risk of developing CP is present in infants born preterm, but these children sum up less than 50% of cases. The factors that cause CP in children born at term are grouped in antenatal, perinatal, neonatal, some of them can be modified like alcohol consumption, maternal smoking, infections, but others like genetic factor cannot be modified. CP...

Antenatal and Intrapartum Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy in Term and Near-term Newborns

Archives of Iranian medicine

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the main disabilities in term-born infants. This study attempts to investigate the maternal and neonatal factors associated with CP. This case-control study consisted of singleton term and near-term (36 or more weeks of gestation) newborns in Tehran health-care centers and was conducted over a 24-month period. Logistic regression analysis analyzed the data with SPSS 16.0. During the study period there were 53 infants in the case group and 106 in the control group. The main factors associated with CP were perinatal asphyxia [odds ratio (OR): 97.72; CI: 21.2-450.07], maternal age >35 years (OR: 20.89; CI: 1.05-412.62), and high risk pregnancy (OR: 0.2; CI: 0.04-0.932). Several maternal, antenatal and intrapartum factors increase the risk for CP. Identifying and avoiding risks for CP may lead to lower infant neurologic morbidity.

RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL FORMS OF CEREBRAL PALSY - LITERATURE REVIEW (Atena Editora)

RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL FORMS OF CEREBRAL PALSY - LITERATURE REVIEW (Atena Editora), 2023

Introduction: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is one of the clinical forms of chronic non-progressive encephalopathy, with unknown prevalence in Brazil, but with 2:1,000 live births in the USA. Objective: To describe the risk factors and clinical forms of CP. Results: As prenatal risk factors, we have genetics and maternal and fetal factors, responsible for restricting fetal development. As perinatal, we have inadequate intrapartum conditions that cause suffering to the baby, causing neuronal injury. As postnatal, we have meningoencephalitis, traumatic brain injury, demyelinating diseases, strokes, epilepsies and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest. The spastic form of CP comprises 75% of the cases and, in addition to it, there are also the athetotic, ataxic and flaccid forms. Conclusion: The vast majority of CP risk factors are reversible during pregnancy and childbirth. Decentralized prenatal care and adequate treatment are precordial factors in the detection of these risk conditions.

Risk factors and the occurrence of cerebral palsy in high risk infants

Paediatrica Indonesiana, 2018

Background The incidence of cerebral palsy (CP) has increased due to better survival rates of high-risk babies. Early detection and time to the occurrence of CP in the first year of life is important in order to provide early intervention. Objectives To determine the proportion of CP in high-risk babies, the time to the occurrence of CP in the first year, and assess possible associations between risk factors of CP and time to the occurrence of CP. Methods A prospective cohort study was done on 150 high-risk babies up to the age of 12 months. We obtained history of motor ability and assessed primitive reflexes and postural reactions of subjects at the ages of 4 and 6 months. The diagnosis of CP was established at 6 and 12 months of age. Results The proportion of CP was 26% at 6 months and 24% at 12 months of age. Significant risk factors associated with CP at 6 and 12 months of age were cerebral ultrasound abnormalities, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and intracranial hemorrhage. I...

Risk factors associated with cerebral palsy in newborns

Collegium antropologicum, 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with cerebral palsy (CP). For this purpose, a total of 55 newborns were investigated in the case control design study, with a total of 55 additional newborns that were matched to the cases. All patients were recruited in University Clinical Hospital Mostar and other institutions in the region between 1997-2005. The comparison of the Apgar score did not seem to show significant differences between cases and controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.36-3.69). Hypoxia was more common in the CP group (36.3% vs. 5.4% in the control group; p < 0.001). Additionally, cases were more frequently exposed to the infections (p < 0.001), intracranial hemorrhage (p = 0.002), premature delivery, before the 28th gestation week ( p = 0.027), as well as the premature delivery during the 28-34 gestation week ( p = 0.001), and 34-38 gestation week ( p = 0.018). Accordingly, small birth weight was associate...

Antenatal Risk Factors of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research

The incidence of cerebral palsy worldwide is between 2 to 2.5 cases per 1,000 births [6] and gives burden on parents both physically and psychologically. Cerebral palsy is a chronic condition that have serious consequences for physical, cognitive