Effects of practice with and without knowledge of results on jitter and shimmer levels in normally speaking women (original) (raw)
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The effect of temporal manipulation on the perception of disfluencies as normal or stuttering
Journal of Communication Disorders, 2002
The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of temporal features within repetition of speech segments on the perception of stuttering. Past research has provided evidence that certain temporal aspects of repetitions produced by people who stutter tend to be shorter than those produced by normally¯uent speakers. The effect of these temporal factors on the perception of the dis¯uency as``stuttering'' or``normal'' has not yet been studied. Conversational speech of ®ve children who stutter was recorded. Two short utterances, one containing part-word repetition (PWR) and one containing whole-word repetition (WWR), were identi®ed in the speech of each child and then manipulated by the CSL and CSpeech computer softwares. Two selected elements within repetitions, namely the vowel of the repeated unit and the interval between the repeated units (e.g., but-but), were lengthened to simulate normal dis¯uency. Results indicated that both factors (interval duration and vowel duration) moderately affected listeners' perception. In general, repetitions with short vowel and interval durations were judged as more representative of stuttering, whereas repetitions with longer vowel and interval duration were judged as more representative of normal speech. Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the reader will learn about (1) various factors that in¯uence the perception of dis¯uent segments as stuttering, (2) the special effect of duration of speci®c elements within repetitions on the perception of dis¯uency as stuttering, and the possible implications Journal of Communication Disorders 35 (2002) 63±82 : S 0 0 2 1 -9 9 2 4 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 0 6 7 -3 of the new information for therapeutic considerations. #
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2009
Background: Previous studies have found simultaneous increases in skin conductance response and decreases in heart rate when normally fluent speakers watched and listened to stuttered speech compared with fluent speech, suggesting that stuttering induces arousal and emotional unpleasantness in listeners. However, physiological responses of persons who stutter observing stuttering and fluent speech has not been measured. Research suggests that the mechanism responsible for listeners' reactions is the mirror neuron system. The mirror neuron system activates when perceiving and producing goal-directed actions and forms the link between action perception and action production. Aims: To compare physiological responses elicited via fluent and stuttered speech in fluent and persons who stutter groups.
Effects of Time-Interval Judgment Training on Real-Time Measurement of Stuttering
Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 1999
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a previously developed intervalbased training program could improve judges' stuttering event judgments. Two groups of judges made real-time stuttering event judgments (computer-mouse button presses) in 3 to 6 trials before the response-contingent judgment training program and in another 3 to 6 trials after training, for recordings of 9 adults who stuttered. Their judgments were analyzed in terms of number of stuttering events, duration of stuttering, and 5-s intervals of speech that could be categorized as judged (or not judged) to contain stuttering. Results showed (a) changes in the amount of stuttering identified by the judges; (b) improved correspondence between the judges' identifications of stuttering events and interval-based standards previously developed from judgments made by experienced, authoritative judges; (c) improved correspondence between interval-based analyses of the judges' stuttering judgments and the previously developed standards; (d) improved intrajudge agreement; (e) improved interjudge agreement; and (f) convergence between the 2 judge groups, for samples and speakers used during training tasks and also for other speakers. Some implications of these findings for developing standardized procedures for the real-time measurement of stuttering are discussed.
Investigating speech motor practice and learning in people who stutter
Journal of Fluency Disorders, 2008
In this exploratory study, we investigated whether or not people who stutter (PWS) show motor practice and learning changes similar to those of people who do not stutter (PNS). To this end, five PWS and five PNS repeated a set of non-words at two different rates (normal and fast) across three test sessions (T1, T2 on the same day and T3 on a separate day, at least 1 week apart). The results indicated that PWS and PNS may resemble each other on a number of performance variables (such as movement amplitude and duration), but they differ in terms of practice and learning on variables that relate to movement stability and strength of coordination patterns. These findings are interpreted in support of recent claims about speech motor skill limitations in PWS.
Variations of Jitter and Shimmer Among Women in Menacme and Postmenopausal Women
Journal of Voice, 2009
The objective of the study was to analyze comparatively the jitter and shimmer values of spoken voice among women in menacme and menopausal women using or not hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). Forty-five women were studied, divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG), 15 women aged 20-40 years with regular menstrual cycles who did not take hormonal contraceptives; Treated Group (TG), 15 women aged 45-60 years with at least 2 years of menopause, under continuous HRT with1 mg estradiol valerate + 90 mg norgestimate per day for at least 6 months; Untreated Group (UG), 15 women aged 45-60 years with at least 2 years of menopause who did not use HRT. Mean age was 30.3, 54.5, and 56.5 years for CG, TG, and UG, respectively. All subjects were submitted to acoustic analysis of jitter and shimmer for the sustained vowels /e/ and /i/. Mean jitter values were 0.56%, 0.64%, and 0.56% for the vowel /e/ and 0.88%, 0.79%, and 0.68% for the vowel /i/ for CG, TG, and UG, respectively. Mean shimmer values were 4.17%, 4.38%, and 4.77% for the vowel /e/ and 5.19%, 4.59%, and 5.37% for the vowel /i/ for CG, TG, and UG, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups studied. The results obtained here by the methodology used suggest that there were no significant differences in jitter and shimmer when we assessed the sustained vowels /i/ and /e/ between menopausal women using or not HRT or between young and menopausal women treated or not.
The Efficacy of Stuttering Measurement Training: Evaluating Two Training Programs
Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2015
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Vocal jitter and shimmer in stuttering
Journal of Fluency Disorders, 1989
Vocal jitter and shimmer measures of the fluent phonations of 14 stutterers, 12 male and two female, were compared with jitter and shimmer measures of a group of nonstutterers matched for age and sex. Each subject phonated four vowels nine times in random order. Each phonation was sustained for at least 5 set and was tape-recorded. The mid-3-set portion of each recorded vowel phonation was subjected to jitter and shimmer analyses. Measures for stutterers were larger in both instances. Significant differences between stutterers and nonstutterers were obtained for shimmer measures. Differences on jitter measures were not significant. High variability in the stuttering group accounted for the nonsignificant finding in jitter measures and, in general, indicated heterogeneity among the stutterers. Findings led to the tentative conclusion that in fluent sustained phonation, stutterers demonstrate less stable control of respiratory-laryngeal dynamics than nonstutterers.
Psychophysiological responses of adults who do not stutter while listening to stuttering
International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2006
The present study examined the psychophysiological responses of fluent listeners to stuttered speech. Specifically, skin conductance and heart rate changes were measured from adults who do not stutter while watching one-minute video speech samples of persons stutter read aloud. Fifteen adult participants observed three stuttered and three fluent speech samples, presented in random order with a two-minute interstimulus intervals. Results revealed that observing stuttered speech evoked a significant increase in skin conductance and a significant deceleration in heart rate relative to watching fluent speech samples. These findings suggest that listeners are physiologically aroused by stuttering and appear to maintain feelings of unpleasantness to stuttered speech. Further, deceleration in heart rate during stuttered samples also suggest that listeners may be paying more attention to the stuttered speech samples as compared to the fluent speech samples. We speculate that aberrant and anomalous stuttering behaviors probably simulate the mirror neuronal mechanism eliciting the emotional arousal associated within them. Such physiological arousal may provide the emotional genesis to the listener's negative stereotypical perceptions towards people who stutter. D
The effect of fast speech rate on stuttering frequency during delayed auditory feedback
Journal of Fluency Disorders, 2002
Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) has been documented to improve fluency in those who stutter. The increased fluency has been attributed to the slowed speech rate induced by DAF, but recent experiments have suggested that increasing the speech rate may also decrease stuttering under DAF. This investigation described the effect of combining a fast speech rate and DAF on the fluency of four people who stutter. Fluency of the two mildly dysfluent subjects was the same for both no DAF and DAF conditions at normal and at fast oral reading rates. In contrast, the two severely dysfluent subjects improved in fluency from the no DAF to the DAF conditions. They were found to be dysfluent at both normal and fast oral reading rates without DAF. The results of the study point to the need for further research on the relationship between speech rate and stuttering frequency under conditions of DAF and no DAF.