Anatomical differences between stem and branch wood of Ficus carica L. subsp. carica (original) (raw)
Related papers
The quantitative anatomical differences between the stem and branch wood of Ficus carica L. subsp. carica (Moraceae) were investigated. In spite of the similarity in the qualitative traits, according to statistical analysis, tangential vessel diameter, radial vessel diameter, vessel frequency, vessel wall thickness, multiseriate ray width, fibre length, fibre diameter, and fibre wall thickness showed statistically significant differences in the stem and branch wood of taxon examined. Fibre length and vessel element length in branch wood is about 16% and 3% shorter respectively. In addition, vessel frequency in the branch wood is about 52% higher. Whilst the number of rays per mm is not different in branch wood and stem wood, ray width is about 18% narrower in branch wood.
Wood Anatomy of Some Ficus Species of Mizoram, Ne India with Reference to Their Identification
The present investigation was made on 12 Ficus species to evaluate similarities and dissimilarities among species on the basis of anatomical features. The selected Ficus species had some similar features like diffuse porous wood, vessels solitary or in radial multiple of 2-3, simple perforation plate, intervessel pits alternate, vessel ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape, banded parenchyma and heterocellular rays. While, some dissimilar characters like presence of both homocellular and heterocellular rays in F. racemosa and F. rigida, latex ducts in F. geniculata, F. racemosa and F. rigida, axial parenchyma lozenge aliform in F. hispida were observed. Rhomboidal crystals were absent in F. benghalensis, F. geniculata, F. hispida and F. racemosa. In addition to qualitative anatomical features, quantitative anatomical like fibre length, vessel length fibre diameter, fibre wall thickness, ray height and ray width showed significant differences among species. Fibre length was significantly and positively correlated to fibre diameter and vessel length, whereas wood density was significantly and negatively correlated to vessel length and vessel diameter.
Anatomical study of Ficus carica L. leaf
Annals of RSCB, 2014
The paper presents an anatomical study concerning the leaf structure (petiole and blade) of a well known Ficus species, Ficus carica L. The petiole consists of epidermis, a differentiated cortex and the conductive tissue represented by two rings one of phloem and other of xylem elements. The bifacial blade has a heterogeneous and hipostomatic mesophyll and possesses a fascicular vascular system. The upper epidermis is followed by a one-layered hypodermis with lithocysts and cystoliths. Lithocysts and cystoliths sizes were measured as well. Anomocytic stomata and simple one-celled non-glandular trichomes are present in the petiole and blade as well. Remarkable is the presence of the medullar leptocentric vascular bundles, laticifers and druses in the petiole and mid rib structure. The thick cuticle thicknesses, the lignifications, a multiple epidermis, the presence of hypodermis are probably anatomical features of adaptation to xerophytic environments.
Leaf morphological variations and heterophylly in ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae)
2012
Six varieties of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) showed leaf morphological variations through quantitative measurement on different plant parts. There were significant differences among six varieties studied by plant parts. The varieties studied include var. deltoidea Corner, var. angustifolia (Miq.) Corner, var. trengganuensis Corner, var. bilobata Corner, var. intermedia Corner, and var. kunstleri (King) Corner. The upper, middle and lower plant parts showed morphological variations in terms of leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and petiole length. Qualitative parameters also showed trends in morphological variations in terms of leaf shape, leaf base, leaf apex and leaf attachment. However, some qualitative parameters were not the recommended parameters to differentiate among varieties. On the other hand, leaf heterophylly has occurred in F. deltoidea because foliage of the young plant was different from the mature plant. Leaf heterophylly was observed in leaf shape and leaf apex ...
DIMENSIONAL VARIATION IN FIBRES OF GMELINA ARBOREA ROXB (VERBANACEAE) ALONG AND ACROSS THE STEM
Investigations were carried out on the nature of variations in fibre dimensions on both vertical and horizontal axis of a thirty year old Gmelina arborea Roxb tree. Mean values of fibre length (L), fibre diameter (D), fibre lumen diameter (l) and cell wall thickness (C), were determined. Values obtained for fibre length ranged from 0.616 mm to 0.828 mm, fibre diameter from 0.019 mm to 0.022 mm, fibre lumen diameter from 0.014 mm to 0.016 mm, and cell wall thickness ranges from 0.0028 mm to 0.0029 mm .There were no significant differences (P = 0.05) in fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness along the horizontal and vertical axis of the tree. Fibre length progressively increased significantly (P = 0.05) with increase in the vertical axis, but there was no significant difference in fibre length across the horizontal axis (from pith to the periphery).
Comparative Anatomical Studies on the Wood and Bast Fibres of Gmelina arborea
2020
Aim: Fibre serves primarily as support to the plant and its characteristics are essential for growth, being also a considerable factor for pulp and paper production. Debarking of tree logs is one of the steps in converting wood into chips suitable for pulping. However, the bark of logs also so contains certain amount of fibre known as the bast fibre. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of bast fibre in pulp and paper making in comparison with the wood fibre. Methods: The bark and wood of Gmelina arborea were collected from the same branch of different trees in the Botanical Garden of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria. The samples were macerated and the vessel member was measured analyzing the fibre length, cell wall thickness, lumen diameter, and diameter. Results: The wood fibre had significant higher length and lumen diameter while the bast fibre had thicker cell wall. Similarly wood fibre presented significantly hi...
Anatomical Characteristics of Paulownia tomentosa Root Wood
This study investigated several anatomical characteristics of Paulownia tomentosa roots. The root wood was separated into three parts from stem base (top, middle, and base) at different positions below ground. Qualitative anatomical data suggested that the growth rings in earlywood and latewood were structurally different. Furthermore, the root wood vessels were found having 2 to 3 radial multiples and they were appeared in the form of clusters. In addition, some sheath cells and septate axial parenchyma were observed. Regarding the quantitative anatomical characteristics, vessel and ray numbers per mm2, as well as ray width and height differed significantly among the top, middle, and base rood wood parts. However, there were no significant differences in vessel diameters, cell wall thickness, and width and length of wood fibers among those parts. The crystallinity of the root top part was slightly higher than that of the middle and base parts. Furthermore, the vessel numbers, ray numbers, and ray width and height in the near pith (NP) area were higher compared to those in the near bark (NB) area. However, the fiber width and fiber length at NP were lower than those at NB. Overall, this study demonstrated some significant differences in the anatomical characteristics of the top, middle, and base parts of root wood from Paulownia tomentosa.
BioResources
The anatomical characteristics of the stem of belangke bamboo (Gigantochloa pruriens), which is native in North Sumatra, Indonesia, were examined to attain valuable information for identification and effective utilization. The number and type of vessel bundles and the fiber and metaxylem dimensions in the longitudinal (bottom, middle, and top) and radial (outer, central, and inner) directions of the bamboo culm were investigated by optical microscopy. The vascular bundles were distributed unevenly and arranged alternately, as shown by cross-sectional images of the culms. The proportion of vascular bundles in the culm decreased from the outer layer to the inner layer and tended to increase from the bottom to the top. Most vascular bundles were classified as type IV at the bottom and as type III in the middle and top parts. Fiber length and cell wall thickness tended to increase from the bottom to the top and from the inner layer to the outer layer. Metaxylem length and diameter incre...