Toxicological effects of Urginea maritima (L.) against the red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (original) (raw)
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The study was carried out in the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, and Iraq. Methanol extracts of six local plants ( Anethum graveolens, Apium graveolens, Eucalyptus glauca, Malva parviflora, Mentha longifolia and Zingiber officinale ) were studied for their toxicity effect on mortality of the last larval stage of Tribolium confusum by assessing the mortality value of the larvae for different plant extracts and different exposure times ( 1-5 hrs ) and estimating the value of LT for each plant extract. The mortality were varying from plant to plant as follows: Anethum graveolens reached its maximum value of 56.67% at 4.5 hrs, for Eucalyptus glauca it was 90% at 2 hrs., for Apium graveolens it was 93.33% at 5 hrs exposure and Mentha longifolia it was 93.33% at 4 hrs, while for Malva parviflora reached 96.67% at 3 hrs, and for Zingiber officinale reached its maximum value of 100% at 2 hrs. The LT values for T. confusum ranged from 1.111 for Zingiber officinale to 3.146 for Anethum graveolens whiles the obtained LT values were 2.451, 1.392, 1.364 and 1.143 for Apium graveolens, Mentha longifolia, Malva parviflora and Eucalyptus glauca respectively. The results indicate that Zingiber officinale was the most toxic plant and Anethum graveolens the least toxic.
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science, 2017
An investigation was carried out on the larvicidal efficacy of four indigenous plant extracts against the 6 th instar larvae of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) during the period of February to July 2016. The result revealed that all the four plant extracts were effective in checking insect infestation and had different toxic effects against the 6 th instar larvae of red flour beetle. Average mortality indicated that castor plant extract showed the highest toxic effect (average mortality 57.78%) whereas the lowest toxicity (average mortality 27.46%) was found in the neem leaf extracts. The larval mortality significantly differed among all the concentrations of the plant extracts applied and the highest mortality (60.75%) was recorded in maximum concentration (10.61 mg/cm 2) of the plant extract. No larval mortality was observed in untreated control up to 72 HATs. Mortality percentage was also observed directly proportional to the level of concentrations of plant extracts and to the exposure period. Probit analysis of larval mortality also revealed that the castor plant extract showed the highest toxicity at different time interval among all the plant extracts applied.
Egy. J. Plant Pro., 2017
Many plant extracts could be considered as natural effective tool for the controlling of various insect pests instead of synthetic chemicals. The present investigation designed to evaluate the mortality percentages and repellency effectiveness of both garlic extract powder Allium sativum L. and mint extract Mentha Viridis L., in comparing with chemical synthetic insecticide (Endo) on the adults of Rust-Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Adult insects were obtained from laboratory cultures with no previous contact with insecticides. Mortality percentages were calculated after one, three, five, ten and 20 days of exposure. The chemical insecticide Endo showed the highest mortality percentage as 84.88% during the overall period of the experiment, while mint oil and garlic powder resulted in 36.00% and 32.00% respectively. The dualchoice arena was designed to evaluate the preference index values (PI) as an indicator to repellency intensity. The results indicated that, garlic powder exhibited highly repellency, followed by mint extract, whereas, the chemical insecticide recorded a weak repellency value.
Plant based insecticides are effective control agents against the stored grain insect pests especially for Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Due to the problems related with the indiscriminate use of artificially made insecticides like insect resistance and effect on non-target organisms, many scientists in whole have focused on the search for active naturally occurring essential plant products. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is one of the severe pests of stored grain commodities The botanicals are have no toxic effects on our surrounding but the bioactivities of these plant extracts may induce certain detrimental effects on the biology of the certain insects causing infestation in stored grains The toxic and growth disruptive effects extracts from five medicinal plants viz; Azadirachta indica, Murraya exotica, Eucalyptus comeldulensis, Trachspermum ammi and Teminalia chebula were evaluated at a rate of 5, 10 and 15 % concentrations against the Tribolium castaneu. Extract of Trachspermum ammi gave maximum mean repellency (83.70%) at 15% while minimum repellency was observed in case of Teminalia chebula at 15% concentration. Maximum mortality was 16.11% in case of A. indica at 15% concentration while minimum (2.78%) was observed against T. chebula at 5%.
insecticidal activity of different plant materials, 2019
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the major insect pests of stored grains. Due to export legislation and zero-tolerance for live insect in trade commodities, extensive use of synthetic insecticides is in practice in order to eliminate pest infestations from the lots. Currently, the one and only acceptable chemical to be used in stored grain is phosphine but due to its excessive usage the stored grain pests are becoming resistant against it. Hence discovery of alternative compounds is much needed. In this study we have compared insecticidal efficacy of different plant materials from six commonly grown plants of Pakistan, viz. Allium sativum (Alliaceae), Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae), Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae), Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), and Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) against T. castaneum infesting stored wheat, rice, corn and gram pulse. Various plant parts were dried, powdered, and used as admixtures to the stored commodities in the experiments. The results have suggested that A. sativum (garlic) and Z. officinale (ginger) were more effective resulting into 15 times higher adult mortality and 4 to 5 times reduction in grain weight losses when mixed with rice grains. Similarly, A. indica when admixture with wheat checked the population growth in the resources resulting into 3.5 times less adult production compared to controls. A subsequent experiment was conducted to study the dose response of neem seed powder against the beetle pest infesting milled products. Surprisingly, better control was observed either at lowest (1% w/w) or the highest doses (5% w/w). This finding is of great interest to understand the underlying phenomenon which we assume is the ability of T. castaneum to feed selectively in flour mediums, however, further research on this aspect is required to be investigated. The results of this study support the use of botanicals for stored product pest management. Ó 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Insecticidal activity of plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum Herbst
The insecticidal activity of n-hexane, methanol and water extracts of Tamarindus indica, Azadirachta indica, Cucumis sativus, Eucalyptus species, Switenia mahagoni, and Psidium guajava leaves were investigated by using the Film residue method against a red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst. The results showed that four plant extracts showed a strong to moderate toxicity at a different concentration on red flour beetle. Among them, Cucumus sativus leaves extract showed highest mortality (80%) whereas Psidium guajava extract showed lowest mortality (50%). Among the solvents, the hexane extracts showed more toxic effect than other extracts. The LC50 results revealed that the hexane extract of Cucumus sativus is the most toxic to the pest followed by the hexane extracts of Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica. Qualitative phytochemical analysis has also been performed.
Interest in botanical insecticides derived from plants has increased as a result of environmental concerns and insect resistance to chemical insecticides. In this study, we explored the insecticidal activity of Urginea maritima bulbs extract and its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase enzyme system in the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Phytochemical screening and HPLC-ESI/TOF-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive molecules with high insecticidal potential. Content of polyphenols (130.88 ± 0.44 mg GAE/g FW), flavonoids (50.81 ± 0.25 mg RE/g FW) as well as alkaloids (12.09 ± 0.16 mg AE/g FW) were high. HPLC-ESI/TOF-MS analysis results demonstrated that ferulic acid (124.19 μg/g FW), vanillic acid (75.84 μg/g FW) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (59.73 μg/g FW) were the major phenolic compounds of U. maritima bulbs extract. The toxic potential against the rice weevil using contact and repellent bioassays showed the highest insecticidal potential of U. maritima bulbs extract. The LD 50 , LC 50 and RC 50 values were 19.03 μg/insect, 2.35 μg/cm 2 and 0.009 μg/cm 2 for contact bioassay by topical application, contact bioassay by treated filter paper method and repellent bioassay, respectively. Furthermore, U. maritima bulbs extract inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and median inhibition concentration IC 50 was evaluated to 66.08 μg/ml. The findings of the present investigation confirmed that Urginea maritima may be recommended as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides. Sriranjini, 2008).
2013
Research studies were carried out to evaluate insecticidal action of two plant products and a synthetic insecticide on a major stored-product insect, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The plant species studied were, Psidium guajava (L.) (Guava, leaves; Myrtaceae) and Citrus reticulata (Kinnow, peel and leaves; Rutaceae). Methoprene was used as synthetic insecticide. Two formulations viz., powder and ethanol extract of each plant and four concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) of methoprene were tested. Repellency was tested using the filter paper test whereas mortality, weight loss protection and anti-feedant potential of all treatments was evaluated by using whole wheat grains. Our results reported that all tested treatments had significant effects pertaining to all variables analyzed and ethanol extract was found to be remarkably more potent than powder form of same plant. Furthermore, leaves and peel of C. reticulata did not differ significantly pertaining to ...
International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024
Tribolium castaneum commonly called Red flour beetle is a widely distributed stored grain pest. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of five medicinal plant extracts against T. castaneum under laboratory conditions. Five doses in five replications for each of the plant powder were prepared by mixing them with flour inside plastic jars. Ten pairs of adult beetles were placed inside each jar and mortality was recorded. Feeding deterrent index (FDI) was calculated. At the 4th day (96 hours after treatment) maximum mortality is seen in case Murraya koenigii followed by Mentha spicata, Justicia adhatoda, Centella asiatica, Hygrophila polysperma. The ANOVA result revealed that the ethanol extract of Murraya koenigiii is the most toxic against the pest in comparison to other plant extracts.