Processing and properties of bulk high - temperature superconductors (original) (raw)

Processing and fabrication of high-Tc superconductors for electric power applications

Applied Superconductivity

Recent developments in the powder-in-tube fabrication of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu30x tapes include identification of high-current-transport regions of the superconductor core, optimization of conductor design and processing to take advantage of these high-current regions, optimization of superconductor powders and heat treatments, and incorporation of flux-pinning defects into the superconductor grains. These developments are briefly discussed and their implications are assessed.

Manufacturing of bulk high-Tc superconductors

International Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2000

High-energy rate powder compaction techniques, like explosive and electromagnetic compaction constitute a tool to produce bulk high-T superconductive ceramics with unique properties. A great novelty is indicated from the subsequent mechanical processing of the c densified ceramics, employed to fabricate a sound final product. Billets, rods and wires, with superconducting core and metal sheath, can be produced by various forming techniques, like wire-drawing, extrusion and profile-rolling. Bulk ceramic superconductors are used as functional elements in electromagnetic machines, such as synchronous generators, levitated bearings, flywheels and fault current limiters. An account of this deformation processing and its applications is given in the present paper.

High Temperature Superconductors

2021

One of the pioneers who introduced superconductivity of metal solids was Kamerlingh Onnes (1911). Researchers always struggled to make observations towards superconductivity at high temperatures for achieving goals of evaluating normal room temperature superconductors. The physical properties are based entirely on the behavior of conventional and metal superconductors as a result of high-temperature superconductors. Various synthetic approaches are employed to fabricate high-temperature superconductors, but solid-state thermochemical process which involves mixing, calcinating, and sintering is the easiest approach. Emerging novel high-temperature superconductors mainly engaged with technological applications such as power transmission, Bio-magnetism, and Tokamaks high magnetic field. Finally, in this chapter, we will discuss a brief outlook, future prospects, and finished with possible science fiction and some opportunities with high-temperature superconductors.

High temperature superconductors for power applications

Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2004

High temperature superconductivity (HTS, discovered in 1986) remains an active area of research worldwide, because its higher T c and, thus, more economical cryogenic cooling have raised the prospects for electric power application. The discovery of MgB 2 has rekindled the search for new superconductors with higher T c . Recently, various acceleration programs have been launched in Europe, USA and Japan. The advance in HTS conductor has enabled the demonstration of various application prototypes, including, power cables, transformers, motors, and fault current limiters. However, full commercialisation of HTS application critically relies on the realisation of HTS conductors that are reliable, robust and low cost with low AC-losses. Worldwide activities are, therefore, focused on developing processing technologies to fabricate the so-called coated conductor based on YBCO to fulfil the stringent specifications. While a high critical current density of around 5 MA/cm 2 (77 K) has been achieved, the conductor cost is currently estimated to be 10-50 times higher than what would be accepted. #

High-Tc superconducting materials for electric power applications

Nature, 2001

Large-scale superconducting electric devices for power industry depend critically on wires with high critical current densities at temperatures where cryogenic losses are tolerable. This restricts choice to two high-temperature cuprate superconductors, (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox and YBa2Cu3Ox, and possibly to MgB2, recently discovered to superconduct at 39 K. Crystal structure and material anisotropy place fundamental restrictions on their properties, especially in polycrystalline form. So far, power applications have followed a largely empirical, twin-track approach of conductor development and construction of prototype devices. The feasibility of superconducting power cables, magnetic energy-storage devices, transformers, fault current limiters and motors, largely using (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox conductor, is proven. Widespread applications now depend significantly on cost-effective resolution of fundamental materials and fabrication issues, which control the production of low-cost, high-perfo...

High-temperature Superconducting Materials IV

TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan)

As the 4th lecture of the series on high-temperature superconducting materials, this article provides an overview of REBa 2 Cu 3 O x (RE: Y and rare earth) wires (so-called coated conductors) from the fabrication process to future prospects. Development of coated conductors has progressed rapidly in the last decade and the properties of coated conductors are approaching the market requirements for practical superconducting devices such as power cables, transformers, SMES and rotating machinery. Several venders have started to sell coated conductors. The fabrication processes of coated conductors and their properties are briefly reviewed so that non-specialists can understand coated conductors during their use in designing HTSC devices. The future prospects of coated conductors for practical applications are discussed as well.

Practical superconductor development for electrical power applications - annual report for FY 2003

2004

Most large-scale applications of high-critical-temperature superconductors will require conductors that can carry large currents in the presence of applied magnetic fields. This report describes progress at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) in the research and development of practical superconducting components and devices. These efforts primarily focus on the use of Y-Ba-Cu-O system in second-generation conductors, but they also include investigations of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems for use in first-generation conductors. Results are presented in the areas of processing first-generation superconductors and second-generation (2G) superconductors with several different architectures, applying Raman microscopy to the characterization of 2G conductors, studying the role of oxygen doping in the grain boundary transport of 2G conductors, and evaluating the mechanical properties of 2G conductors.

Applications of high temperature superconductors

1987

The applications of high temperature superconductors to technologies of interest to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are discussed. They include high field, large bore magnets, motors and generators, magnetic fusion, inductive energy storage, rf accelerators, computers, transmission lines, and sensors. Basic principles of superconductivity and the special properties (and limitations) of high temperature superconductors that make them attractive for technology applications are described.

Progress in scale-up of second-generation high-temperature superconductors at SuperPower Inc

Physica C: Superconductivity, 2005

SuperPower is focused on scaling up second-generation (2-G) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) technology to pilot-scale manufacturing. The emphasis of this program is to develop R&D solutions for scale-up issues in pilotscale operations to lay the foundation for a framework for large-scale manufacturing. Throughput continues to be increased in all process steps including substrate polishing, buffer and HTS deposition. 2-G HTS conductors have been produced in lengths up to 100 m. Process optimization with valuable information provided by several unique process control and quality-control tools has yielded performances of 6000-7000 A m (77 K, 0 T) in 50-100 m lengths using two HTS fabrication processes: metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Major progress has been made towards the development of practical conductor configurations. Modifications to the HTS fabrication process have resulted in enhanced performance in magnetic fields. Industrial slitting and electroplating processes have been successfully adopted to fabricate tapes in width of 4 mm and with copper stabilizer for cable and coil applications. SuperPowerÕs conductor configuration has yielded excellent mechanical properties and overcurrent carrying capability. Over 60 m of such practical conductors with critical current over 100 A/cm-width have been delivered to Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. for prototype cable construction.