Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition, and Metabolic Factors in Asian Indians: Results from the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Pilot Study (original) (raw)
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Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy, 2018
Background: The etiological role of vitamin D in the metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians with good exposure to sunlight is not well understood. The objective of this was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency and to determine the association between vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome in an Asian Indian population from Hyderabad, India. Methods: 299 normal individuals were randomly selected, for this cross sectional study, from individuals who voluntarily participated in a health camp. Anthropometric measures were taken along with 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fasting blood glucose, complete lipid profiles were also assessed. Socio-demographic data such as sex, age, smoking status, physical activity and diet were also collected. Data was analyzed using t-tests and chi-square test of association. Results: 81.6% had 25 (OH) D deficiencies, 13.4% had insufficiency and 44% had metabolic syndrome. Females had lower levels of mean 25 (OH)D 18.33 ± 12.9 nmol/l as compared to males. 34.4% had 25 (OH)D deficiency as well as metabolic syndrome. A significant (p=0.02) association was observed between serum 25(OH)D and metabolic syndrome. Participants with 25(OH)D insufficiency had 4.6 (p-value=0.023) times higher odds of metabolic syndrome versus those with 25(OH)D >100 nmol/l, whereas those with deficiency had approximately 2 times higher odds. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency has become a pervasive problem with implications for cardiovascular health across age and gender groups. Our research indicates that women are at a higher risk of having metabolic syndrome than men if they have deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D. Timely translational research needs to develop the appropriate interventions to stem this.
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism, 2012
Objective-The purpose of this investigation was to examine serum vitamin D status in a population of Punjabi ancestry from Northern India with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and evaluate the effects of 25(OH)D levels on cardio-metabolic traits. Research design and methods-We assessed cardiovascular risk factors and 25(OH)D levels in 1,765 participants (887 T2D cases, 878 normoglycemic controls). Results-76% of individuals were deficient (<50 nmol/L) in vitamin D. A higher percentage of T2D participants(83%) were vitamin D deficient compared to normoglycemic controls (68%) (p<0.0001).The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased progressively with body mass index (BMI) categories (p<0.0001): BMI<23 kg/m 2 , 65%; BMI 23-27.5 kg/m 2 , 75%; and BMI>27.5 kg/ m 2 , 81%. T2D participants had significantly decreased serum 25(OH)D levels (=−0.41, p=2.8 × 10 −20). Individuals with low serum 25(OH)D had elevated fasting glucose(=−0.18, p=0.022), BMI (=-0.71, p=1.4 × 10 −7) and systolic blood pressure (=−1.68, p=0.006). A positive association of increased 25(OH)D with HOMA-B (=0.17, p=8.0×10 −6), and C-peptide (=0.09, 0.017) was observed. Non-medicated, normoglycemic, non-hypertensive individuals classified as vitamin D deficient (n=289) exhibited a significant increase in fasting glucose (p=0.02) and BMI (p<0.0001) as well as a significant decrease in C-peptide (p<0.0001) and amylin (p<0.0001) compared to vitamin D sufficient controls (n=150). Conclusions-Vitamin D deficiency appears to be a significant risk factor for T2D severity and associated cardio-metabolic risk. Early intervention may be considered to improve prevention of T2D related cardiovascular complications.
Vitamin D and the Metabolic Syndrome in Indian Sub-population
2012
Introduction: Low serum 5-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have been related to insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. The aim of our analysis was to investigate the association of 25(OH)D with IDF-defined MetS. Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 50 participants aged 15-65 years. Results: Mean age of the participants was 42.14 years. 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose (P<0.05). The percentage of subjects with MetS decreased across increasing quintiles of 25(OH)D (P<0.001). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate an inverse relationship between 25(OH)D levels and MetS in the Indian sub-population studied. Further investigations are required to clarify the clinical significance of these findings.
BMC public health, 2011
Background: Vitamin D status, as indicated by 25-hydroxyvitamin D is inversely associated with adiposity, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, and blood pressure along with its classic role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. It is also shown to be inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in western populations. However, evidence from the Asian population is limited. Therefore, we aim to study the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (< 50 nmol/L) and the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with metabolic risk factors among an existing Malay cohort in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: This is an analytical cross sectional study. A total of 380 subjects were sampled and their vitamins D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D), fasting blood glucose, full lipid profile were assessed using venous blood. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, height and waist circumference were measured following standard protocols. Socio-demographic data such as sex, age, smoking status etc were also collected. Data was analysed using t-test, chi-square test, General Linear Model and multiple logistic regression. Results: Females made up 58% of the sample. The mean age of respondents was 48.5 (SD 5.2) years. Females had significantly lower mean Vitamin D levels (36.2; 95% CI: 34.5, 38.0 nmol/L) compared to males (56.2; 95% CI: 53.2, 59.2 nmol/L). Approximately 41% and 87% of males and females respectively had insufficient (< 50 nmol/L) levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p < 0.001). The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome for the whole sample was 38.4 (95% CI: 33.5, 43.3)%. In the multivariate model (adjusted for age, sex, abdominal obesity, HDL-cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure), insufficient Vitamin D status was significantly associated with 1-year age increments (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98), being female (OR: 8.68; 95% CI: 5.08, 14.83) and abdominal obesity (OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.51, 4.39). Respondents with insufficient vitamin D were found to have higher odds of having Metabolic Syndrome (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.92) after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusions: Our results highlight the high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among Malay adults in Kuala Lumpur. Vitamin D insufficiency is independently associated with younger age, female sex and greater abdominal obesity. Vitamin D insufficiency is also associated with Metabolic Syndrome.
The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2018
Recent trials do not support a role for vitamin D supplementation in prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, although effects may differ in Asian populations. In this pilot secondary analysis of a placebo-controlled randomised trial of overweight or obese individuals with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L), we examined whether vitamin D supplementation improved insulin sensitivity or body composition in participants of Asian ethnicity. Amongst 65 trial participants, 33 reported being of Asian descent (mean ± SD age 30 ± 7 years; 67% male). Participants were block randomised to receive vitamin D (n = 14; initial bolus dose of 2500 μg cholecalciferol followed by 100 μg cholecalciferol/d) or placebo (n = 19; identical capsules) for 16 weeks. Primary outcome was change in insulin sensitivity (M-value) assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Secondary outcomes were changes in 25(OH)D (chemiluminescent immunoassay), fasting blood glucose (YSI Stat 2300), ...
Objective: Recent literature has suggested an association between low serum vitamin D levels and the burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia). In the context of the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and cardio-metabolic risk factors in Saudi Arabia, this study was designed to examine the association between vitamin D deficiency and cardio-metabolic risk factors among adults with coronary heart disease (CHD) and without CHD in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 130 CHD subjects and 195 subjects without CHD were recruited from three hospitals in the western region of the Kingdom. Fasting blood samples were collected from each subject to measure serum levels of vitamin D, glucose, and total cholesterol. Anthropometric and blood pressure were also measured. Results: Subjects with CHD had a higher prevalence of diabetes (35.4% and 14%, respectively) and obesity (44% and 22%, respectively) compared with subjects without CHD. However, subjects without CHD had a higher prevalence of cholesterol (13.3% and 5.4%, respectively) and overweight (45% and 24.4%, respectively) than subjects with CHD. The results indicated that vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D<20 ng/mL] was associated with increased risk of diabetes in CHD subjects (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.02-8.5, p=0.04), while there was no association observed in subjects without CHD (OR:1.4, 95% CI: 0.5-3.8, p=0.616). No significant associations were found between vitamin D deficiency and other cardio-metabolic risk factors including obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, in either group. Conclusion: The present study reveals that vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher risk of diabetes only in subjects with CHD, but not in subjects without CHD. However, this differential association between vitamin D deficiency and other cardio-metabolic risk factors was not observed. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2015
Vitamin D deficiency, as reflected by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels <20 ng/ml, is prevalent in as many as one-half of middle-aged to elderly adults in developed countries. 1,2 The ubiquitous distribution of Vitamin D receptors in the body, controlled by nearly 3000 genes, 3,4 suggest that a deficiency could have widespread health consequences. Thus, understanding the characteristics that promote Vitamin D deficiency in the general population has important clinical implications. Vitamin D deficiency is estimated to affect over 1 billion people worldwide, 1 and its prevalence is increasing in conjunction with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and derangements in metabolic traits. Recent studies have examined the physiological functions of Vitamin D beyond its well-established role in musculoskeletal health. 5 In addition to findings of oncologic 4 and immunologic 5 associations, Vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic derangements and T2D. 6-8 Although 1, 25(OH)D is the active form of Vitamin D, it is not suitable for measuring Vitamin D serum level. 25(OH)D has a longer half-life and it can more precisely show the food intake and skin production of Vitamin D. A serum level of <20 ng/ml (50 nmol/L) 25(OH)D is considered as Vitamin D deficiency, between 20 and 30 ng/ml as its insufficient level and higher than 30 ng/ml as its desirable or sufficient level. 9-11
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2014
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BioFactors, 2019
Hypovitaminosis D has reached epidemic proportions in Qatar. Vitamin D is linked to several cardiometabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), diabetes, and atherosclerosis. It is not known if vitamin D status is linked to cardiometabolic risk factors in Qatari women. Therefore, a relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitmain D [25(OH)D] concentrations and MetSyn was investigated in Qatari women using the Qatar Biobank database. Study sample consisted of 700 women, aged 20-80 years old. A multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was used to determine relation between serum 25(OH)D and MetSyn prevalence. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D and markers of MetSyn. Prevalences of MetSyn in the first (≈32%), second (≈27%), and third (≈28%) serum 25(OH)D quartiles were significantly higher compared to fourth serum 25(OH)D quartile (≈17.5%) (p < .035). The likelihood of having MetSyn was significantly higher in the first serum 25(OH)D quartile (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.06, 3.49) compared to the fourth serum 25(OH)D quartile (p < .001) in multivariate-adjusted analysis. No relationship was observed between serum 25(OH)D and waist circumference, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol, and serum triglycerides. This study showed an inverse relationship between prevalence of MetSyn and serum 25(OH)D in Qatari women. Given the widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Qatar, consideration should be given to vitamin D fortification of some selected staple foods and through targeted supplementation of vitamin D in those who are at risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
Association of vitamin D deficiency with incidence of type 2 diabetes in high-risk Asian subjects
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013
Background: Recent studies suggest an association between 25hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. However, prospective studies investigating the relation between vitamin D inadequacy and incidence of T2D incorporating obesity and dynamic measures of insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic b cell function are limited. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that baseline 25(OH)D is associated with the incidence of T2D in high-risk subjects for up to 5 y of follow-up, independently of obesity, baseline IR, and b cell function. Design: We recruited 1080 nondiabetic ½AQ2