Anther Culture in Tea Improvement (original) (raw)
Related papers
In vitro clonal propagation of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 1992
A system for in vitro clonal propagation has been developed in tea plants. Shoots obtained from primary explants were induced from terminal buds and axillary buds of mature field-grown plants. Cultures were initiated from both types of explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10% coconut milk (CM), 200 mg l-1 of yeast extract (YE), 1.4 µM indoleacetic
Screening of Adoptive Elite Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones
Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition), 2015
The research screening of adoptive elite tea clones was conducted at NTRI, Mansehra during 2011-2012. Nine clones 101Aa, 105aa, 108aa, 561aa, 117aa, 219ab, 470bb and 180bd were evaluated for seedling performance. Randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Data was recorded on various morphological characters after 8 months. The results showed that high survival percentage, shoot length, number of roots plant-1 , number of leaves plant-1 and root length were observed in clone 105aa. While the highest fresh weight and dry weight of leaves were observed in clones 117aa and 105aa. The clone 105aa was drought resistant, high survival percentage and root growth. On the basis of the results, clone 105aa was recommended for cultivation through cuttings in the hilly areas of Pakistan where unequal rainfall distribution was a major hitch.
Plant Cell Reports, 1999
Tea microshoots excised from well-established multiple shoot cultures grown in vitro and 8-week-old, three-to five-leaved seedlings from a local chinery stock (Banuri-96) and UPASI-9 (from southern India) were selected as scions and root stocks, respectively, for grafting. In addition, 4-month-and 12-month-old seedlings of Banuri-96 were also used as root stocks. Cut ends of root stocks and scions were pretreated with varying concentrations of BAP and NAA for 10 min. A treatment of BAP (5 mg/l) and NAA (5 mg/l) to both scion and stocks in water renewed foliar development at a relatively early stage (40-60 days). The grafted plants were kept in hardening chambers with CO 2 -enriched air. No significant difference was observed between autograft (scion and root stock of Banuri clone) and heterograft (scion of the Banuri clone and root stock of UPASI-9). Of the three types (in terms of age) of seedling-raised root stocks employed, grafts on young tea (4-month-old) performed the best (88.33%). Grafts made in early summer established relatively faster and at a high rate of success. The percentage survival of plants transferred to the field was 88.33%.
Polyploidyand it's Applications in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Breeding; Review
Review Article, 2020
Non-conventional methods, such as polyploidy breeding, may induce more vigour and some degree of resistance to biotic and a biotic stresses in existing tea cultivars, without causing changes in the desired parts of the genome. Polyploids can be developed through natural and artificial induction.Naturally occurring polyploids in tea may arise either through spontaneous chromosome doubling in somatic tissues, or through the occurrence of unreduced gametes. Artificially polyploidy can be induced in plants by using colchicine that many geneticists and plant breeders assumed it to be a new path for the rapid development of novel and superior types of crop cultivars including tea.Since Polyploidy breeding in tea combines the advantages of hybrid and polyploid vigour must be utilized in detail to cope up with the existing environment change
Identification of germplasm accessions for inclusion in the breeding programme is vital to widen the genetic base of the cultivated gene pool aiming at genetic enhancement and increased crop productivity. The present study was attempted to characterize 35 Sri Lankan tea germplasm based on yield related traits; 100g of harvest; 2 leaves and a bud, 3 leaves and a bud, dormant shoots (banji) with their fresh and dry weights. Principle component analysis (PCA) and clustering of first two principle components accounted for 90% of the total variation and delineated the 35 accessions into three clusters. The fresh and dry weights of active shoots (both 2 leaves and bud; 3 leaves and bud) and dormant shoots significantly contributed to the PCs loading. DUN 7 had the highest numbers of 2 leaves and bud followed by TC 9 and TRI 2043 whereas WT 26 had the lowest. Conversely, H1/58 had the highest numbers of dormant shoots followed by TRI 3013 and WT 26 and TRI 777 had the lowest. The significant variation of yield related traits have been identified and those parameters can be used for selecting parents for controlled hybridization, screen large progenies in progeny trials and even in selecting elite cultivars from old seedling tea fields (estate cultivar selections programmes).
Plant Cell Reports, 1999
Tea microshoots excised from well-established multiple shoot cultures grown in vitro and 8-week-old, three-to five-leaved seedlings from a local chinery stock (Banuri-96) and UPASI-9 (from southern India) were selected as scions and root stocks, respectively, for grafting. In addition, 4-month-and 12-month-old seedlings of Banuri-96 were also used as root stocks. Cut ends of root stocks and scions were pretreated with varying concentrations of BAP and NAA for 10 min. A treatment of BAP (5 mg/l) and NAA (5 mg/l) to both scion and stocks in water renewed foliar development at a relatively early stage (40-60 days). The grafted plants were kept in hardening chambers with CO 2 -enriched air. No significant difference was observed between autograft (scion and root stock of Banuri clone) and heterograft (scion of the Banuri clone and root stock of UPASI-9). Of the three types (in terms of age) of seedling-raised root stocks employed, grafts on young tea (4-month-old) performed the best (88.33%). Grafts made in early summer established relatively faster and at a high rate of success. The percentage survival of plants transferred to the field was 88.33%.
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Tea has long been a well-known crop for its economic value and widening the genetic variability of tea family is often necessitated. Hybridization programs at intraspecific level have been greatly fascinated as potential and useful methods in tea plant breeding to widening the genetic diversity. This comparative study was intended to explore a new avenue to develop the tea plant breeding programs through evaluating remote intraspecific cross-compatibility between Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze and C. sinensis var. assamica (Masters). Remote intraspecific cross-compatibility was assessed by comparing and contrasting the in-vivo pollen germination and pollen tube growth using fluorescence microscopy and the subsequent fruit set following controlled self-and cross-pollinations. In-vivo pollen germination and pollen tube growth was examined at 1 day, 3 days, and 14 days after pollination treatments, but disparity was not observed in pollen germination and pollen tube growth between self-and cross-pollinations. Early fruit set was evaluated at 3 months and 6 months after pollination. Fruit set was observed in cross-pollination except self-pollination. A late-acting selfincompatibility system or post-zygotic barriers and close intraspecific cross-compatibility were confirmed within C. sinensis var. sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Potential remote intraspecific crosscompatibility was recorded from cultivars crossed between China type and Assam type tea. The present findings bestow the significant contribution to develop the future tea breeding programs.
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2017
This study describes the development of haploid plantlets through androgenesis in Camellia assamica ssp. assamica (tea). Androgenic haploid embryos were produced through callus formation from microspores during the earlyto-late uninucleate stages in anther cultures. A high percentage of callus induction (96%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing 6% (w/v) glucose, supplemented with 5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 5 μM 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin), 800 mg L −1 L-glutamine, and 200 mg L −1 L-serine (callus induction medium). Further proliferation of callus occurred when glucose was replaced with 3% (w/v) sucrose in the medium. Embryogenesis was achieved in 85% of the androgenic callus cultures on MS medium containing 10 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 3 μM gibberellic acid (GA 3), 800 mg L −1 L-glutamine, and 200 mg L −1 L-serine (embryo induction medium). Maturation of embryos occurred when the concentration of the growth regulators and adjuvants contained in the embryo induction medium were reduced by tenfold. Embryos germinated into complete plantlets in 65% of the cultures when the MS medium was supplemented with 10 μM BAP, 1 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 0.5 μM GA 3 , 80 mg L −1 L-glutamine, and 20 mg L −1 L-serine. These plantlets continued to grow when the major salt concentration in the embryo germination medium was reduced by half (1/2 MS). The chromosomal constitution of these in vitro plantlets was confirmed as 2n = X = 15 by cytological squash preparation of the root tips. Flow cytometric analysis of leaves from these in vitro plantlets confirmed the ploidy status as haploid. This study is an effort to overcome the inherent heterozygosity in tea.
Callus Formation in Anther Culture of Tea Clones, Camellia Sinensis (L.) Kuntze
1999
T h~s study was carried out to regenerate haploids from cultured anthers of t e a clones. Morphological and histological studies on t h e a n t h e r callus dcvclopmcnt revealed t h a t nuclei of' numerous microsporcs hegan to divide unerjually, forming multicellular st~ucturcs during the first week of culture and anther lohe.; swelled gradually until hursting. The rate of callus induction was rapid during 6-10 wccks and compact greenish calli were formed from anthers. Calli llecamc more heterogeneous wit11 time in culture. The determination of ploidy levels in anther callus showed that two levels ofploidy were present in callus. In the callus, the pei~entage of haploid cells was more (68%) than that of diploid (6%). The study on cornpailson of callus growth in antllel-s of different clones indicated that the sulvival of anthers of three clones TRI 2043, TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 was high (Iigllcst was 98%, the lowest 78%) and calli were produced in anthers of all clones used in this tiial. TRI 2043 exhibited relatively more callus formation (76.2 mg) from a n t h e r cultured in half Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2,4 D and 13AP grown in light, followed by TRI 2023, TRI 2024, TRI 2025 and lTI777. In the dark, significant callus growth was ohsewed in four clones (TRI 2025, TRI 2024, TRI 2023 and TRI 777). Calli that formed in light turned dark green, merislcmoidlike stiuctures after transferto the same medium without 2,4 D. However, plantlets could not he regenerated.