Nexus among Infant Mortality Rate, Literacy Rate and Carbon Emission Rate compared with GDP: an Empirical Analysis in Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Economic Growth and CO2 Emission in Bangladesh
Social Science Journal , 2022
This paper investigates the relationship between economic growth and pollution emission for a small developing country, Bangladesh, during the period 1972-2014. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is used as the pollution indicator and GDP per capita as the economic indicator. Apart from that industrial value-addition and electricity production from non-renewable resources (i.e. oil, gas and coal) are also taken into consideration here. The long-run relationship is investigated using the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach as well as Johansen cointegration model and error correction method. The results of the analysis reveal a positive sign for coefficient of GDP, evidencing that the economic growth in Bangladesh is taking place at the expense of pollution emissions. Although evidence on contribution of industrial production on CO2 emission is not found but for electricity production the evidence is positive. Policy implication of these findings are Bangladesh need to emphasise environmental policies related to emission reduction and alternative sources like renewable energy production. These could be feasible policy tools for Bangladesh to achieve sustainable growth in the long run.
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Journal of Angiotherapy, 2024
Background: Bangladesh, a rapidly developing country, is experiencing a critical phase where economic growth and environmental sustainability must be balanced. The swift industrialization and urbanization have led to increased energy consumption and carbon emissions, negatively impacting public health and healthcare expenditures. This study determined the intricate relationships between healthcare expenditure and its determinants-economic growth, CO₂ emissions, urbanization, and natural resource use-in Bangladesh. Methods: Utilizing a dataset from 2004 to 2023, this study applies advanced econometric methods, including the dual adjustment approach, spectral causality, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR). Results: Results demonstrate a significant positive correlation between economic growth, urbanization, natural resources, and CO₂ emissions on healthcare spending. The findings underscore that CO₂ emissions and urbanization are substantial contributors to rising healthcare costs, while natural resources and economic growth present varying impacts based on different econometric models. The dual adjustment approach provides robust evidence of cointegration, revealing the long-term interactions among these variables. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study emphasizes the urgent need for effective national policies to mitigate healthcare costs driven by environmental degradation and economic growth. By understanding these relationships, policymakers can better manage health expenditures while promoting sustainable development in Bangladesh. The research highlights the necessity of integrating environmental and health policies to achieve a balanced growth trajectory.
Journal of Global Economics, Management and Business Research, 2017
This paper examines empirical relationship among the variables of financial development, í µí±í µí± 2 emissions, urbanization, industrial value addition, agricultural value addition and energy consumption in the context of Bangladesh using the data of 1985-2015. Findings of Johansen co-integration test indicates that long run relationship exists among the variables of CO2 emissions, financial development, urbanization, industrial value addition, agricultural value addition and energy consumption. Whereas, Granger causality results show that unidirectional causality exists among the variables of CO2 emissions to agriculture value addition,CO2 emissions to energy consumption, agriculture value addition to financial development, agriculture value edition to industry value addition, financial development to CO22 emissions, industry value addition to energy consumption. However, this study fails to establish any relationship between CO2 emissions and urbanization, urbanization and energy consumption in short run in the context of Bangladesh. Results of Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) confirm that except financial development all the explanatory variables are statistically insignificant in the short run. However, the error correction term (ECT) is statistically significant and negative sign. This indicates that CO2 emission adjusted 37.60% within the year when deviated from equilibrium and the adjustment speed is significant.