A questão do Cânone da razão pura (original) (raw)

The dissertation presented here offers an interpretation of the Canon's first two sections, one of the Critique of pure reason last chapters. In contrast to a common reading of this text, that regards its thesis and the concepts sustained there as imatures, dogmatics, contradictory with the rest of the work or in tension with it, we tried to restitue its meaning and internal truth. Our suspicion was that the first Critique is a coherent masterwork. Thus we took the text as a reading structure from which we investigated some the kantian philosophy subjects. In a first moment and accompanying the text's movement, we tried to establish that the Canon constitute a type of closure to the whole work, offering answers to the metaphysical questions posited by pure reason. In order to do that, the Critique invites us to enter the realms of practical philosophy. Therefore we discuss some problems that revolve around the statute of both universal practical philosophy and moral philosophy in a time when Kant did not have the deduction of the foundations of such sciences, in other words, the proof the absolute freedom. The pure practical reason presents itself as the true metaphysical faculty and allows a canon that answer the metaphysical questions. In the second chapter we talk about the point of disagreement that affects the Canon: the empirical proof of practical freedom and its relationship with transcendental freedom. We propose a reading by weaving a narrative for these concepts, beginning with one of Kant's earliest work, the Nova Dilucidatio from 1755. Our results enable us to articulate both elements without the tensions or contradictions which oppose the Resolution of the third antinomy with the Canon. Thus the power of free choice appears as something determinated by a transcendental core, the source of absolute spontaneity, and the determinants of sensibility, in that way allowing the compossibility of freedom and necessity. The last chapter presents the end of this route. We strive to analyze how the trascendental proof of God's existence works by briefly comparing the pre-critical proofs with the practical postulation in the first Critique. We also emphasize how Kant dervelops a transcendental theology from the moral properties of the supreme wise legislator. Lastly, we indicate that the employment of these transcendental concepts enables a reading of the universal history.