Proteomic profiling changes induced by physical activity in patients with schizophrenia (original) (raw)

Abstract

Purpose: Schizophrenia (SZ) is considered a highly debilitating syndrome [1] that impairs mental and social functioning, characterized by positive (psychotic), negative (apathy and avolition) and cognitive symptoms [2]. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of SZ is enhanced by the relation between infectious conditions in the gestational period and the development of the disease [3]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 (ω-3) supplementation in two different periods of life (prenatal period and adolescent probands) on behavioral parameters in a neurodevelopmental animal model of SZ induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [ poly(I:C)]. Methods: Pregnant wistar rats were divided into two groups for the first treatment from the 16th to the 21st gestational day: one group received ω-3 (composed by 18% eicosapentaenoic acid and 12% docosaexaenoic acid) 0.8 g/kg (group O) and the other received Tween (group T) at the same dose, serving as control group, both via gavage. From the 5th to the 7th postnatal day, each group of offspring was divided into two additional groups: one received poly(I:C) 2 mg/kg (group P) and the other received saline 1 ml/kg (group S) serving as control group, both intraperitoneally [4]. In adolescence, from the 30th to the 44th day after birth, the animals received a second treatment with ω-3, following the same supplementation of pregnancy (group O and group T). In total, there were 5 treatment groups (n = 15 animals per group): TST (sham), TPT, TPO, OPT and OPO. On the 45th day after birth, we performed the behavioral tests of Y-maze, open field and social interaction (three-chamber sociability and social novelty test [5]). Results: We used Kruskal-Wallis test for the analyzes between groups. On the test of social novelty preference, the group that received ω-3 only in adolescence (TPO) showed improvement in behavior compared to the animals that received preventive treatment in prenatal period (OPT) (H(4) = 24,767, p = 0.017). The TST group showed a higher preference for new conspecifics in relation to TPT (H(4) = 24,767, p = 0.013), OPO (H(4) = 24,767, p = 0.008) and OPT (H(4) = 24,767, p = 0.017) groups. On the sociability test, the TST group spent more time with the conspecifics in relation to the TPT group (H(4) = 12,483, p = 0.016), validating the model. Y-maze and open field tests there were no statistically significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Therefore, the present study showed that the administration of ω-3 in adolescence is related to greater interest in social novelty and/or social memory formation, suggesting improvement in negative symptoms developed in the animal model. Although the mechanisms behind these results are not fully elucidated, this study adds evidence to the benefits of ω-3 supplementation in preventing symptoms of SZ.

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