Physical performance and muscular status in sarcopenic elderly following exercise and dietary supplement (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly people from Northern Brazil according to muscle weakness or walking slowness. Methods: The sample consisted of 312 elderly people (72.6 ± 7.8 years). For walking slowness, a gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s was used as a cut-off value, and for muscle weakness the following handgrip strength criteria were used for men and women, respectively: CI: <27.0/16.0 kg; CII: <35.5/20.0 kg; CIII: grip strength corrected for body mass index (BMI) < 1.05/0.79; CIV: grip strength corrected for total fat mass: <1.66/0.65; CV: grip strength corrected for body mass: <0.45/0.34. Results: Walking speed was reduced in 27.0% of women and 15.2% of men (p < 0.05). According to grip strength criteria, 28.5% of women and 30.4% of men (CI), 58.0% of women and 75.0% of men (CII), 66.0% of women and 39.3% of men (CIII), 28.8% of women and 19.6% of men (CIV), and 56.5% of women and 50.0% of men (CV) were identified as having s...
Clinical cases in mineral and bone metabolism : the official journal of the Italian Society of Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism, and Skeletal Diseases, 2014
Sarcopenia is the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. It is a major clinical problem for older people and research in understanding of pathogenesis, clinical consequences, management, and socioeconomic burden of this condition is growing exponentially. The causes of sarcopenia are multifactorial, including inflammation, insulin resistance, changing endocrine function, chronic diseases, nutritional deficiencies and low levels of physical activity. Operational definition of sarcopenia combines assessment of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. The diagnosis of sarcopenia should be based on having a low appendicular fat free mass in combination with low handgrip strength or poor physical functioning. Imaging techniques used for estimating lean body mass are computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, the latter considered as the preferred method in research and clinical u...
Journal of physics, 2019
The role of sarcopenia in the elderly has received increased attention across a number of disciplines in recent years. In 2010 the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) defined the condition as the loss of muscle mass plus low muscle strength or low physical performance, associated with age. There is little published research on this issue in Colombia and South America. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia according to the criteria of the EWGSOP in the elderly population of Colombia who live in the community. Two hundred and ten subjects were studied. Muscle mass (The main component of sarcopenia as it is defined) was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis from which the skeletal muscle mass index was calculated. Muscle strength was measured through hand dynamometry and physical performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Based on the reference values which are themselves based on U.S. or Asian population reference cut off points, an overall prevalence of sarcopenia of 52.8% or 15.7% respectively was found. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the studied population is within the ranges reported worldwide in different populations. However, there are variations depending on the cut off points and diagnostic tools used for its definition and to estimate muscle mass.
Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia: systematic review
This systematic review summarizes the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention on muscle mass and muscle function. A total of 37 RCTs were identified. Results indicate that physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in subjects aged 65 years and older. However, any interactive effect of dietary supple-mentation appears to be limited. Introduction In 2013, Denison et al. conducted a systematic review including 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance in older people. They concluded that further studies were needed to provide evidence upon which public health and clinical recommendations could be based. The purpose of the present work was to update the prior systematic review and include studies published up to October 2015. Methods Using the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE, we identified RCTs which assessed the combined effect of exercise training and nutritional supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass, or physical performance in subjects aged 60 years and over. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Results The search strategy identified 21 additional RCTs giving a total of 37 RCTs. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of protocols for physical exercise and dietary supplementation (proteins, essential amino acids, creatine, β-hydroxy-β
Symptoms of Sarcopenia and Physical Fitness through the Senior Fitness Test
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Introduction: Physical fitness concerns a set of attributes related to the ability to perform physical activity that may justify the symptoms reported by the elderly in the context of sarcopenia. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the perception (symptomatology) of physical functioning (what the person thinks they are capable of) and the capacity itself for physical functioning in elderly people in northern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study that analyzed 312 elderly people (72.6 ± 7.8 years) from the city of Novo Aripuanã, Amazonas, Brazil. Sarcopenia symptomatology was assessed using the SARC-F, a 5-item questionnaire designed for screening sarcopenia in older individuals in five domains: strength, walking aids, difficulty getting up from a chair, difficulty climbing stairs, and falls. Physical fitness was assessed by the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) battery including balance evaluated with the short version of the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale...
Sarcopenic Characteristics of Active Older Adults: a Cross-Sectional Exploration
Sports Medicine - Open, 2021
Background: Ageing is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function (strength and power), known as sarcopenia. Inadequate dietary protein and inactivity have been shown to accelerate sarcopenia outcomes, occurring at different rates in males and females. Regardless, active older adults who often exceed the exercise guidelines still show signs of sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the link between age, physical activity, protein intake, and biological sex with skeletal muscle mass, strength, power, and physical capacity/ performance in active older adults. Fifty-four active older adults were recruited from this trial and grouped according to age (middle aged: 50-59 years, and older age: ≥ 60 years), exercise volume (low: ≥ 90-149 min/week, moderate: ≥ 150-299 min/week, and high: ≥ 300 min/week), protein intake (low: < 0.8 g/kg body mass (BM), moderate: ≥ 0.8-1.19g /kg BM, and high: ≥ 1.2 g/kg BM), and biological sex (males and females). Skeletal muscle and fat mass (dual X-ray absorptiometry), strength (1-repetition maximum using leg press, chest press, lateral pull down, and hand grip), power (counter movement jump), and general fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity and gait speed) were assessed. Data were grouped based on variables, and a general linear model (ANCOVA) or an independent t test was used to determine between group differences. Results: Fifty three of the total participants' data were analysed. The middle-aged group had 18%, 11%, and 10% higher leg press, chest press, and lateral pull down, respectively, compared to the older-aged group (p < .05). There were no significant differences between different levels of training volume and any of the outcomes. Higher protein intakes were associated with significantly less body fat mass (p = .005) and a trend towards a higher leg press (p = .053) and higher relative power (W/kg) (p = .056) compared with the moderate and low protein intake groups. Significant differences based on biological sex were observed for all outcomes except for gait speed (p = .611) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p = .147). Conclusions: Contributions of age, physical activity, daily protein intake, and biological sex can explain the individual variation in outcomes related to changes in body composition, strength, power, and/or cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of active older adults.
The Role of Exercise on Sarcopenia
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, 2020
The skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue and orchestrates many responses related to a healthy status. Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, has shown to affect up to 36.5% of adults aged ≥60 years. Currently, muscle strength has been considered as the primary indicator of sarcopenia. In this context, resistance training and its modalities have shown to improve the parameters of sarcopenia with positive impact on reducing the incidence of falls and fractures.
Sarcopenia: implications of physical exercise in its pathophysiology, prevention and treatment
Sarcopenia is known as a progressive muscle wasting produced as years accumulate and characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, increase of muscle fat and progressive decline of functional capacity. This process produces important and severe effects on quality of life in elderly people since sarcopenia is the most frequent cause of discapacity, dependency and increase or morbi-mortality. In the present review we analyze the different etiological factors and the prevention and treatment strategies against sarcopenia. One of the main strategies is the strength training that, added to an adequate nutrition, plays a primordial role in prevention and progression of sarcopenia. RESUMEN Se conoce como sarcopenia al progresivo deterioro muscular que se produce con el paso de los años y que se caracteriza por una pérdida progresiva de fuerza y masa musculares, aumento de la grasa muscular y el deterioro progresivo de la capacidad funcional. Este proceso tiene importantes repercusiones en la calidad de vida de las personas mayores, ya que es causa frecuente de discapacidad, dependencia y aumento de la morbimortalidad. En la presente revisión bibliográfica del tema, analizamos los diferentes factores etiológi- cos y las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de la sarcopenia, entre las que el ejercicio, y en particular el entrenamiento de fuerza, junto con una alimentación adecuada, desempeñan un papel primordial.
Nutrition and Muscle Strength, As the Key Component of Sarcopenia: An Overview of Current Evidence
Nutrients, 2019
Much has been achieved by recent research to increase understanding of the links between nutrition and muscle health. Focusing on muscle strength as the key component of sarcopenia, the aim of this overview was to evaluate its links to nutrition, both to variation in habitual diets in older populations, as well as considering supplementation effects in trials. A main message from the reviewed studies is that while many provide suggestive evidence of benefits of higher nutrient intakes and diets of higher quality, findings are inconsistent, and data on muscle strength are often lacking. To assess the potential of optimising diets as a strategy to promote and maintain muscle strength, gaps in current evidence need to be addressed. These include the need for (i) better understanding of individual differences in responsiveness to dietary change, and the need for targeted nutritional support; (ii) clearer distinction between protective and therapeutic actions of diet; and (iii) definitio...