Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: association with obesity, binge eating and psychological distress (original) (raw)
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Nutrients
Night eating syndrome (NES) is characterised by recurrent episodes of night eating, evident through excessive food consumption after the evening meal or eating after awakening from sleep, often associated with significant distress and/or impairment in functioning. This scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The search was conducted through the use of PubMed, Medline (OVID) and SCOPUS, to identify relevant articles published within the last 10 years. Search terms including “Night eating*” OR “NES” and Boolean phrases were used to refine the search. Additionally, the age of participants was restricted to 18 years and above, to ensure only adult participants were included. The abstracts of the remaining articles were used to screen for those that were relevant. From a total of 663 citations, 30 studies assessing night eating syndrome met the inclusion criteria to be includ...
Night eating syndrome in class II–III obesity: metabolic and psychopathological features
International Journal of Obesity, 2009
Objective: To investigate the relationship of metabolic disorders and psychological features with the night eating syndrome (NES) in individuals with moderate-to-severe obesity. Design: Cross-sectional observation. Subjects: A total of 266 consecutive participants with class II-III obesity, entering an inpatient weight loss program. Measurements: Participants who reported consuming either a large amount of their caloric intake after the evening meal (roughly self-assessed as X25% of daily calories) or the presence of nocturnal feeding at the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) (N ¼ 49) were interviewed by the Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory (NESHI). Assessment also included the clinical/ biochemical parameters of the metabolic syndrome and several questionnaires of psychopathology. NES was diagnosed by NESHI criteria (evening hyperphagia (X25% of daily food intake after the evening meal) and/or waking at night to eat at least three times a week) in the last 3 months. Results: Twenty-seven participants (10.1%) met NESHI criteria. Differences were not observed between participants with and without NES as to age, body mass index (BMI), prevalence of metabolic syndrome, Binge Eating Scale and Body Shape Questionnaire. NES participants had significantly higher scores of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL). Among NES cases, the BDI score was indicative of moderate depression in 18.5% of cases and of severe depression in 44.4%. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, identified the BDI score as the only variable significantly associated with the diagnosis of NES. Conclusion: Diagnosing NES does not help identify obese individuals with specific medical complications, but indicates more severe psychological distress and depression.
New data on psychological traits and sleep profiles of patients affected by nocturnal eating
Sleep Medicine, 2015
Objective: nocturnal eating behavior is shared by patients affected by a parasomnia the Sleep related Eating Disorder (SRED) and several eating disorders: mainly , Night Eating Syndrome (NES) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), but characteristics of these patients have been poorly studied, so this maintains the difficulties in defining the borders between these pathologies. Aim of this study was to evaluate polysomnographic and personality characteristics of nocturnal eaters to further differentiate the syndromes.
Night eating is associated with emotional and external eating in college students
Eating behaviors, 2012
The night eating syndrome (NES) consists of evening hyperphagia and/or nocturnal eating and has been associated with depressed mood, that worsens in the evening. However, it is not consistently related to elevated BMI. The present study was conducted to examine whether a relationship exists between NES and emotional, external, and restrained eating. BMI and sleep quality were also obtained. A sample of 246 students completed the Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ), Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory (NESHI), Sleep Quality Index (SQI), and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), containing subscales for emotional, external, and restrained eating. They also provided demographic information, including height and weight. Participants were grouped by severity of NES features using the NEDQ and NESHI: normal, mild night eater, moderate night eater, and full night eater syndrome. MANOVA was used to compare DEBQ subscores for the groups; those in the full syndrome category had significantly higher emotional eating scores and external eating scores than those in the normal and mild categories. There was no difference in restrained eating between the normal and full syndrome groups. Those with moderate and full syndrome NES symptoms also reported significantly lower sleep quality. No significant relationship was found between NES and BMI. The results show that NES is associated with more eating in response to negative mood and in response to food cues.
Night eating syndrome among patients with depression
The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 2011
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of night eating syndrome (NES) in a depressed population.METHOD: The study sample was composed of 162 depressed patients and 172 healthy control participants.RESULTS: The rates of night eating in our sample with depression (35.2%) was higher as compared with healthy control participants (19.2%) (p less than 0.05). In addition, in the depression group, the rate of NES-positive patients did not differ in accordance with body mass index (BMI) classification (p more than 0.05). However, in the control group, the rate of NES-positive patients was significantly different with regard to BMI classification, and NES diagnosis was highest in the obese members of the control group (p less than 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis was then used to evaluate the relationships of four variables: depression, gender, education status and BMI with the diagnosis of NES. Results showed that significant independent predictors of NES were depression, gender, and a BMI of 25 or greater.DISCUSSION: This is the first study to find that depressed patients are at a significantly greater risk for NES. Depression, male gender and BMI may account for the high rate of NES found in this population.
Eating behaviors, 2016
The aim of this study was to assess night eating syndrome (NES) in patients referred for polysomnography and its association with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We also assessed whether participants with OSA were more likely to get up and eat at night, and whether these behaviors were associated with the apnea-hypopnea sleep index (AHI). We additionally examined whether NES and OSA were associated with BMI, and assessed depressed mood among participants with NES or OSA. The Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ), Zung Depression Scale, and demographic and medical questionnaires were used to evaluate 84 qualified participants. Polysomnography was used to assess AHI, and therefore OSA. Thirty individuals met full or sub-threshold NES (NES[St]) criteria, and 54 had no night eating (Normal). Eighty-nine percent of the sample had OSA with AHI≥5. Neither AHI nor BMI differed between NES(St) and Normal, F(1,82)=1.67, p=0.20 and F(1, 82)=2.2, p=0.14, respectively. Participants with NE...
Journal of Eating Disorders, 2019
Background: The Night Eating Diagnostic Questionnaire (NEDQ) is a validated assessment of the night eating syndrome (NES) based on the proposed diagnostic criteria. While past results show that NEDQ is associated with psychopathology and body mass index (BMI), the relationships between the proposed NES diagnostic criteria and psychopathology and BMI have not been investigated. Thus, the relationships between the proposed NES diagnostic criteria and factors previously associated with NES, namely depression, “food addiction” (FA), sleep quality, and BMI were examined. Finally, the NEDQ factor structure was examined for the first time in order to determine whether the NEDQ is assessing NES appropriately. Methods: The NEDQ, depression, sleep quality, and FA questionnaires were administered to a sample of older community members (n = 468) and a student sample (n = 254). Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was performed to examine the factor structure of the NEDQ. The relationships between the proposed diagnostic criteria and depression, sleep quality, FA, and BMI were examined using multiple regression. Results: The proposed NES criteria were highly intercorrelated. PCA revealed a single factor solution for the NEDQ. In the community sample, depression was associated with the presence of five of nine proposed diagnostic criteria while poor sleep quality and FA were associated with the presence of seven and six criteria respectively. In the community sample, only the sleep problems and impairment/distress criteria were positively associated with BMI. In the student sample, fewer criteria were associated with psychopathology, and no criteria were associated with BMI. Conclusions: These findings support the proposed criteria for diagnosis of NES. All proposed criteria were associated with at least one psychopathology measure. BMI was only associated with the sleep problems and impairment/distress criteria in the community sample. The PCA finding of a single factor indicates that the NEDQ is a cohesive assessment of NES, and that the NEDQ is a good measure of NES criteria.
Night eating syndrome and weight loss outcome in obese patients
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2010
Objective:The clinical significance of diagnosing the night eating syndrome (NES) in obese individuals has not been clearly demonstrated. We aimed to test the effect of NES on weight loss outcome in obesity.The clinical significance of diagnosing the night eating syndrome (NES) in obese individuals has not been clearly demonstrated. We aimed to test the effect of NES on weight loss outcome in obesity.Method:In an observational case-control study, we measured weight loss outcome in obese individuals with NES (32 cases) and 68 non-NES matched participants entering a weight-loss program. The diagnosis of NES was generated by a two-stage assessment, including the Night Eating Questionnaire (screening test) and the Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory. The program included a 21-day inpatient treatment based on a low-calorie diet, exercise, and psycho-educational groups, followed by a 6-month outpatient follow-up. Body weight, metabolic parameters, and questionnaires of psychopathology were assessed at baseline, at the end of the inpatient period and at the end of follow-up.In an observational case-control study, we measured weight loss outcome in obese individuals with NES (32 cases) and 68 non-NES matched participants entering a weight-loss program. The diagnosis of NES was generated by a two-stage assessment, including the Night Eating Questionnaire (screening test) and the Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory. The program included a 21-day inpatient treatment based on a low-calorie diet, exercise, and psycho-educational groups, followed by a 6-month outpatient follow-up. Body weight, metabolic parameters, and questionnaires of psychopathology were assessed at baseline, at the end of the inpatient period and at the end of follow-up.Results:NES participants were only characterized by significantly higher scores of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Night Eating Questionnaire. The time course of weight loss did not differ between groups throughout the study period. Only eight NES participants were still classified as NES at study end.NES participants were only characterized by significantly higher scores of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Night Eating Questionnaire. The time course of weight loss did not differ between groups throughout the study period. Only eight NES participants were still classified as NES at study end.Discussion:The presence of NES does not affect weight loss outcome of an obesity treatment based on lifestyle modification. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The presence of NES does not affect weight loss outcome of an obesity treatment based on lifestyle modification. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.