Effect of Phosphorus on the Growth and Photosynthetic Pigments Content of Helichrysum Arenarium (L.) Moench Plantlets in Vitro Cultures (original) (raw)
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Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus efficiency on the growth and flowering of Helichrysum bractum
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FLORESTA, 2020
Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg. (“Gabirobeira”, Myrtaceae) is a versatile fruit tree species native in Cerrado. Studies of mineral fertilization and luminous conditions with the species are incipient. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the initial growth and photochemical aspects in C. xanthocarpa cultivated under phosphate fertilization and shading levels. The experiment was carried out in plastic pots and the factors under study consisted of five doses of phosphorus: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg soil-1, and two shadings levels: 0% (full sun) and 50%. The treatments were arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, in a randomized block design, with four replications. The greatest growth characteristics occurred at 240 days after transplantation. The highest chlorophyll index was seen in shaded leaves. The highest values of variable and maximum chlorophyll-a fluorescence were with 10.8 and 11.6 mg P kg-1 in shaded environments, and with 120.0 and 81.81 mg P kg-1, under full sun. The highest...
In commercial greenhouses, fan flower 'Whirlwind Blue' (Scaevola aemula R. Br.) plants are sensitive to phosphorus applications in the range typically applied to other floricultural crops. To quantify this response, fan flower plants were grown in Hoagland solutions containing 0, 20, 40, 60, or 80 mgL-1 P. Plants fertilized with either the highest (80 mgL-1) or lowest (0 mgL-1) P concentrations had significantly shorter stems and smaller shoot dry weights and leaf areas than plants fertilized with 20 to 60 mgL-1 P. Low or high P concentrations negatively impacted flower number; fan flower fertilized with 0, 60, or 80 mgL-1 P had fewer flowering branches and flowers compared with plants fertilized with 20 to 40 mgL-1 P. Plants receiving no P had longer roots than those receiving any P and had greater root dry weights than plants receiving all other P con- centrations except 20 mgL-1. Foliar nutrient analysis indicated that although P treat- ments significantly impacted foli...
Photosynthetic activity of Helianthus tuberosus L. depending on a soil and mineral fertilization
Polish Journal of Soil Science
The analysis of photosynthetic activity of Helianthus tuberosus leaves was based on the field experiment carried out in [2003][2004][2005] in The Experimental Station in Parczew on good rye complex soil. The experiment was performed by means of randomized sub-blocks in 3 replications, including factors: the 1st order -varieties (Albik and Rubik), and the 2nd order -mineral fertilization at rates of: N 0 P 0 K 0 , N 0 P 44 K 125 ; N 50 P 44 K 125 ; N 100 P 44 K 125 ; N 150 P 44 K 125 ; N 200 P 44 K 125 , recalculated onto the elemental forms on a background of full rate of FYM (30 t ha -l ). The plant's photosynthetic activity during flowering was evaluated by means of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence induction measurements applying PAM-2000 device. Following fluorescence parameters were determined: maximum efficiency of a photosystem PS II (F V /F m ), current number of electrons transported in PS II under conditions of light adaptation F PSII ; efficiency of open units PS II -F V' /F m' ; coefficient of photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (qN). It was found that maximum efficiency of the photosystem PS II (F v /F m ) was the most stable chlorophyll fluorescence indicator for Helianthus tuberosus, while coefficient of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (qN) -the most changeable. Rubik cv. appeared to be the variety having higher values of F v /F m , F PSII , qP, and qN, as well as their better stability, than Albik cv. Mineral fertilization applied at Helianthus tuberosus cultivation contributed to the decrease of primary photosynthetic reactions in photosystem II (F v /F m ) and disturbances of the efficiency of open units PS II (Fv'/Fm'). The decrease of chlorophyll quantum efficiency (F PSII ), photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (qN) were also observed.
The response of three Leucadendron cultivars (Proteaceae) to phosphorus levels
Scientia Horticulturae, 2000
The objective of this study was to compare the growth of three Leucadendrons (Proteaceae) cultivars (`Safari Sunset',`Orot' and`Meir') fertigated with three levels of P. The plants were grown in tuff (pyroclastic material, characterized by high porosity) in 10 l pots and fertigated daily. The experiment included control treatment (plants irrigated with tap water) and three levels of P (0, 10 and 20 mg l À1), while N and K in the P-treatments were kept at a constant rate of 50 mg l À1. Under P de®ciency, the development of`Orot' plants was signi®cantly superior to that of`Safari Sunset' and`Meir' cultivars, but as P application increased to 20 mg l À1 ,`Safari Sunset' growth was quite similar to that of`Orot'. The very low growth rate of`Meir', probably eliminates this cultivar as a potential rootstock for commercial purpose. The low sensitivity of`Orot' to nutrient application is a promising characteristic to avoid micro-nutrients de®ciency and a signi®cant advantage, especially under ®eld conditions. No symptoms of P toxicity were observed even at the highest P level (20 mg l À1), at any of the cultivars tested.
Biologia Plantarum, 2016
Influence of different phosphorus concentrations was studied in four rice varieties (Akhanphou, MTU1010, RP BIO 226, and Swarna) differing in their tolerance to low phosphorus. There was an increase in shoot and root dry mass with the increase in phosphorus concentration. At the low phosphorus concentration at both tillering and reproductive stages, Swarna, followed by Akhanphou, recorded maximum biomass for both roots and shoots, while the minimum was observed in RP BIO 226. Reduction in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and internal CO 2 concentration at low phosphorus concentrations were observed at both tillering and reproductive stages in all the genotypes. In low phosphorus, maximum photosynthetic rate was found in Swarna followed by Akhanphou. Phosphorus deficiency did not alter the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry, however, there was a reduction in effective PSII quantum yield, electron transport rate, and coefficient of photochemical quenching, while the coefficient of nonphotochemical quenching was higher in the low phosphorus-treated plants. Prolonged exposure to excessive energy and failure to utilize the energy in carbon-reduction cycle induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, which affected PSII as indicated by the fluorescence traits. The reduction was less severe in case of Swarna and Akhanphou. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased in roots under low phosphorus concentration indicating that photoprotective mechanisms have been initiated in rice plants in response to phosphorus deficiency. Comparatively, Swarna and Akhanphou exhibited a higher biomass, higher photosynthetic rate, and better reactive oxygen species-scavenging ability which conferred tolerance under low phosphorus conditions.
Effect of Phosphorus on in Vitro Growth and Development of Bromeliad Aechmea Blanchetiana
Acta horticulturae, 2015
The influence of different phosphorus concentrations in ionic balanced Murashige and Skoog medium on growth of Bromeliad Aechmea blanchetiana was studied. The plants of A. blanchetiana were obtained through in vitro sowing and were transferred to MS liquid medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), modified with 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 1.25 or 2.50 mM P (as phosphate). Constant concentrations of all nutrients of MS medium were kept by ionic balance, prior to the adjustment of pH to 5.8. The results showed that phosphorus influenced the growth of seedlings of A. blanchetiana cultured in MS medium, whereas the concentration of 2.5 mM of phosphate in modified MS medium provided the highest production of fresh and dry weight in both shoot and root system. Variance analysis of regression proved that the contents of variables nitrogen and potassium content in leaves of A. blanchetiana showed no significant trend with increasing phosphate concentration in modified MS medium. Phosphorus and sulfur content were significant only in the linear regression (α 0.05) and each mM phosphate added to MS medium led to an increase of 0.98 and 0.16 mg of phosphorus and sulfur in leaves, respectively.
Revista de Ciências Agrarias - Amazon Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2013
Production of quality seedlings with high survival rate in the environment for reforestation purposes still faces many obstacles, especially with respect to mineral nutrition. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the response of mahogany (Swietenia macrophyla) seedlings to the supply of P and base saturation in a Typic Hapludox (Oxisol) with sandy layer surface. We used a completely randomized experimental design with four phosphorus rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg dm-3 of P), with Arad phosphate rock source, with two base saturation levels (natural at 25% and corrected to 45%) and three replications. We assessed the following parameters: soil chemical attributes, stem diameter, plant height, root dry matter, aerial part dry matter, total dry matter, and aerial part dry matter/root dry matter ratio. The content of P in the soil increased with P supply levels, in the absence and presence of liming, respectively. Liming improved soil attributes and the growth of mahogany seedlings. The combination of liming with phosphorus fertilization positively influenced plant height and aerial part and total dry matter. In the absence of liming, P doses as from 100 mg kg-1 negatively influenced the growth of mahogany seedlings. RESUMO: A produção de mudas de qualidade, para fins de reflorestamento, que possibilite elevada taxa de sobrevivência no campo, ainda encontra muitos entraves, principalmente aqueles relacionados à nutrição mineral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de mudas de mogno (Swietenia macrophyla) ao fornecimento de P e à saturação por bases, em Latossolo Amarelo de camada superficial arenosa. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, sendo quatro doses de P (0, 50, 100 e 150 mg dm-3 de P), cuja fonte foi o fosfato natural Arad, com dois níveis de saturação por bases, a natural de 25% e o corrigido para 45%, com três repetições. Foram avaliados os atributos químicos do solo, o diâmetro do caule, a altura da planta e a massa seca das raízes, a parte aérea e total das plantas, e a relação raízes/parte aérea. O teor de P no solo aumentou com as doses de P, na ausência e na presença da calagem, respectivamente. A aplicação de calcário incrementou os atributos do solo e o crescimento das mudas de mogno. A combinação da calagem com a adubação fosfatada influenciou positivamente a altura de plantas e a massa seca da parte aérea e total. Na ausência da calagem, doses a partir de 100 mg kg-1 de P foram depreciativas ao crescimento das mudas de mogno.
Journal of experimental botany, 2004
Storage of phosphorus (P) in stem tissue is important in Mediterranean Proteaceae, because proteoid root growth and P uptake is greatest during winter, whereas shoot growth occurs mostly in summer. This has prompted the present investigation of the P distribution amongst roots, stems, and leaves of Hakea prostrata R.Br. (Proteaceae) when grown in nutrient solutions at ten P-supply rates. Glasshouse experiments were carried out during both winter and summer months. For plants grown in the low-P range (0, 0.3, 1.2, 3.0, or 6.0 mmol d ±1 ) the root [P] was > stem and leaf [P]. In contrast, leaf [P] > stem and root [P] for plants grown in the high-P range (6.0, 30, 60, 150, or 300 mmol P d ±1 ). At the highest P-supply rates, the capacity for P storage in stems and roots appears to have been exceeded, and leaf [P] thereafter increased dramatically to approximately 10 mg P g ±1 dry mass. This high leaf [P] was coincident with foliar symptoms of P toxicity which were similar to those described for many other species, including non-Proteaceae. The published values (tissue [P]) at which P toxicity occurs in a range of species are summarized. X-ray microanalysis of frozen, full-hydrated leaves revealed that the [P] in vacuoles of epidermal, palisade and bundlesheath cells were in the mM range when plants were grown at low P-supply, even though very low leaf [P] was measured in bulk leaf samples. At higher P-supply rates, P accumulated in vacuoles of palisade cells which were associated with decreased photosynthetic rates.