Loanwords in Kitābu’l İdrāk li-Lisāni’l Etrāk: Addition (original) (raw)
Kitabü'l-İdrâk li Lisâni'l-Etrâk'te Alıntı Kelimeler (Loanwords in Kitab Al-Idrak Li Lisan Al-Atrak)
Identifying loanwords in any language is important to unveil its own lexicon as well as to observe with what communities speakers of that language were in cultural and political relationship. Mamluk-Kipchak period is one of the most productive terms in Turkic lexicography. Loanwords in Mamluk-Kipchak glossaries were meticulously defined and explained about their origin by some authors but by others they were considered Turkic. In this paper, loanwords in Kitabü’l-İdrak li Lisâni’l-Etrâk, which is the work of Abu Hajjan, have been discussed and clarified about their origins.
Kitābu Bulġatu’l-Muştāḳ fi Luġāti’t-Turk ve’l-Ḳifçāḳ Kastamonu Nüshası (İçindekiler ve Kaynakça)
İmām Cemālu’d-dīn ebū Muḥammed cAbdullah et-Turkī Kitābu Bulġatu’l-Muştāḳ fi Luġāti’t-Turk ve’l-Ḳifçāḳ Kastamonu Nüshası (Giriş, İnceleme, Tıpkıbasım ve Transkripsiyon, Dizin), 2022
Bu çalışma, şimdiye dek Paris Biblioteque Nationale'deki nüshasıyla bilinen Kitābu Bulġatu’l-Muştāḳ fi Luġāti’t-Turk ve’l-Ḳifçāḳ adlı Memluk Türkçesi eserinin yakın zamanda keşfedilen Kastamonu Nüshasını ele almaktadır. Çalışmada, metnin transkripsiyonu, gramatikal dizini ve metin üzerinde yapılan gramatikal incelemeler bulunmaktadır. Çalışmayı satın almak için aşağıdaki sayfayı ziyaret ediniz: https://www.paradigmaakademiyayinlari.com/8498/imam-cemalud-din-ebu-muhammed-cabdullah-et-turki-kitabu-bulgatul-mustak-fi-lugatit-turk-vel-%e1%b8%b3ifcak-kastamonu-nushasi-giris-inceleme-tipkibasim-ve-transkripsiyon-dizin/
Kıpçak Türkçesinin Oğuzcalaşmasına Dair: Kitābu’l İdrāk li- Lisāni’l Etrāk’teki İsimlerden Örnekler
XII. Uluslararası Dünya Dili Türkçe Sempozyumu, 2020
Tarih sahnesine ne zaman çıktıkları tartışmalı olan Kıpçakların Arap coğrafyasında görülmeleri, Abbasîler döneminde olmuştur. Burada yönetimin üst kademelerinde görev alan Kıpçaklar, zamanla yönetimi ele geçirmişler ve Mısır-Suriye sahasında hâkim konumuna gelmişlerdir. Bu dönemde yönetici sınıfın Türk, yönetilenlerin Arap kökenli olması dolayısıyla iki sınıf arasında anlaşmazlıklar meydana gelmiştir. Bu sorunları çözmeye yönelik olarak dönemin âlimleri kimi gramer-sözlük veya sözlük çalışmaları ile Araplara Türkçeyi öğretmek istemişlerdir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak yazılan ilk eser, Ebū Ḥayyān’ın 1312 yılında yazmış olduğu Kitābu’l İdrāk li- Lisāni’l Etrāk (Kİ) isimli gramer ve sözlük bölümlerini içeren çalışmadır. Müellifin eserin giriş bölümünde verdiği açıklamaya göre, müellifin eserini yazılı hiçbir kaynağa bağlı kalmadan güvendiği kişilerin ağzından derleyerek oluşturduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Müellif, eserinde Oğuz Türkçesi -kendi deyimiyle Türkmence- sözcüklere de yer vermektedir. Bugüne kadar Memlûk- Kıpçak Türkçesinin Oğuzcalaşmasına dair yapılan çalışmalarda daha çok nesir ve nazım türündeki eserler göz önüne alınarak örnekler verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Abdülkadir İnan, Kıpçak Türkçesinin dili üzerine yapmış olduğu çalışmada bu dönemde yazılmış sözlük ve sözlük-gramer eserlerine az da olsa yer vermiş ancak konuyu kapsamlı olarak ele almamıştır. Yine bunun yanında Can Özgür de yaptığı bir çalışmada Kİ’de yer alan /d-/ sesli kelimeleri tespit etmiş fakat diğer Oğuz Türkçesi unsurlara değinmemiştir. Bu sebepten ötürü bu çalışmada Memlûk-Kıpçak Türkçesi ile kaleme alınmış olan sözlük-gramer türü eserlerden ilki olan Kitābu’l İdrāk li- Lisāni’l Etrāk isimli eserdeki Oğuz Türkçesi unsurlar ses ve şekil bilgisi ile söz varlığı açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada kısaca Kıpçakların ve Memlûk Kıpçaklarının tarihi hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra Kİ’de yer alan Türkmence unsurların müellif tarafından nasıl verildiği hakkında açıklama yapılmış ardından eserde yer alan Oğuz Türkçesi unsurlar yukarıda zikredilen üç sınıfa göre ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir.
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (HÜTAD), 2015
Arabic loanwords in Kazakh written language were phonetically corrected. Regular shortening of long vowels in Arabic borrowings seems to be the most typical phonetic change in Kazakh. Shortening has left some phonetic traces like fronting or epenthesis. Since Kazakh has the vowel harmony, Arabic borrowings were corrected accordingly. Palatal segments which are opaque for vowel harmony in Turkey, Turkish were mostly velarised in Kazakh. At some words in Kazakh these segments are opaque when they weren’t velarised. Arabic borrowings which are illform for Kazakh were corrected via epenthesis, or syncope. Kazakh’s making phonetical corrections further than Turkey Turkish, can be explained with these words borrowed (codes copied) from Arabic via another Turkic language and these words firstly lived in oral Kazakh literature, not the written literature.
Arabic Loan Words in Lezgi Language and his Morphological Structures
DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2014
Arabic Loan Words in Lezgi Language and his Morphological Structures Lezgis is one of the oldest nations of Caucasus. Most of them live at southeast of Dagestan and northeast of Azerbaijan. They met with Islam and Arabian people at VII. Century during the Islamic conquest movements and they converted into Islam following these movements. Their language as well as their social, political
Dil Araştırmaları, 2018
Bu çalışmada, 16. yüzyılda Kanuni Sultan Süleyman’ın oğlu Şehzade Mustafa’nın isteği ile hocası Sürūri tarafından Arapça aslından çevrilmiş olan Manisa El Yazmaları Kütüphanesi 45 HK 3109 numarada kayıtlı bulunan 1552 tarihli Kitābü’l- ‘Acāibü’-l Ġarāib isimli mensur eserde yer alan birleşik fiiller göstergebilim yöntemiyle incelenecektir. Bir bilim dalı olarak göstergebilim; diğer dilbilim kuramlarından farklı olarak sadece dille sınırlı değildir. Moda, mimari, iletişim, din, spor, tıp, endüstriyel tasarım gibi birbirinden farklı disiplinlerde uygulanabilmektedir. Bu sebeple göstergebilim/dilbilim arasındaki sınırlılık ve kapsayıcılık her zaman bir tartışma konusu olmuştur. Charles Sanders Peirce’ün ortaya koyduğu ikon (icon) kavramı “dil dışı göstergeler” için üretilmiştir. Ancak bu makalede cümle ve cümle üstü öğelerin bir parçası olarak söz diziminin ana başlıklarından biri olan birleşik fiillerin, dil dışı bir gösterge olarak ikonlaşabileceğini ele alınmaktadır.
Mamluks reigned in Egypt a long time is an era of Kipchak Turks that have influence management, and Kipchak Turks has been influential in a period in the administration there. During this period, that Turkish rulers do not know Arabic language well, Turkish language is spoken in the palace and also idea of being closer to Turkish manager screated an interest in learning. One of the famous scholars realizing that interest is Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī. Abū Ḥayyān by learning Turkish language especially from Fakhr al-dīn Divrigi and analysing written previously works, wrote Kitāb al-Idrāk li-lisān al-Atrāk. This book has consisted of introduction, vocabulary and grammar section. We also aimed in our study to examine Kitāb al-Idrāk in terms of content and than in terms of lexicography of the linguistic branch. SUMMARY Mamluks reigned in Egypt a long time and in its reign Kipchak Turks had influence in management. Because of the Turkish rulers who have military background did not know Arabic language well, Turkish language was spoken in the palace and also idea of being closer of scholars and notable people to Turkish rulers got brought an interest in learning Turkish. One of the famous scholars realizing that interest is Abū Ḥayyān al-Andalusī (d. 745/ 1344). The true name of Abū Ḥayyān is Muḥammed b. Yūsuf b. Ali b. Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī and he is an Andalusian linguist and exegete. Abū Ḥayyān who came from a Berber family born in the Matahsharesh village of Granada in 654/1256 and died in Cairo in 28th time 745 (11 July 1344). There is not much information about his family in the sources, but it is mentioned that he has a daughter whose name is Nada, a son named Hayyân in his name, and some grandchildren which are named Muḥammad and Ummu Ḥayyān. Abū Ḥayyān became a famous as Ethīr al-dīn and at the same time, he is also known as Naḥvī, Ghirnātī (Granadian), Ceyyānī, and Nafzī. He took lessons in Granada from great scholars such as Abd al-ḥaķ b. Ali al-Anṣarī, Abū Ḥasan al-Ubbezī, Abū Cafer Aḥmed b. Ibrahīm b. Zubair, Ibn Abū al-Ahvas and became a proficient scholar and teacher in matters such as morphology, syntax, language, commentary, hadith, methodology of Fiqh and Kalām. He wrote about 18 works in different sciences and if we mention some of that are al-Baḥr al-muhīt, al-Nahr al-mād, Tuhfat al-arīb bimā fī al-Qur'ān min al-gharīb and some of his works have reached to our time and some of those did not. Abū Ḥayyān left Andalus for various reasons and visited many centers of science and eventually continued his scientific activities in Cairo. Abū Hayyān, who is a great interest in learning languages, has learned Turkish language with the other popular languages such as Persian, Amharic and Himyarite language and written books about these languages. His mainly works about Turkish language are the Kitāb al-Idrāk li-lisān al-Atrāk, Zehv al-mulk fi naḥv al-Turk, al-Af'al fi lisān al-Turk and al-Durret al-mudiyye fi lughat al-Turkiyye. These works did not reach to our days except Kitāb al-Idrak. Kitāb al-Idrāk consists of three sections, namely introduction, dictionary which includes 2200 words, and grammar that is composed of morphology and syntax and this book which is known as al-Idrāk is written in the Turkish which is spoken in XIV-XVI century tongue and named as Middle Turkish Period-Mamluk Kipchak Turkish. The first chapter begins with basmala and continues with detailed his genealogy, personal record, praise to Allah and salawat and salaam to Prophet Muhammad. After this introduction, it is explained the intention of writing this work. The second chapter is a dictionary which the words are explained in alphabetical order. Although Abū Ḥayyān speaks about 23 letters in the Kipchak alphabet, he does not explain the words related to all, but examines 19 items. In this dictionary, it does not take part some letters, that is letters sā, zāl, zā (letters of lips which is written in English th); letters dâd, ayn, fa (letters of throat) which Arabs use. In the third chapter, there is a part of the tasrif (knowledge of morphology) which is generally called knowledge of morphology today. In this section, it is dealt with about the types of words namely, name of diminutive, name of belonging name, plural, agent name, passive name, exaggerated factor name, infinitive, name indicating the location, name of device, arbitrary name, and idâd (which adds are derivation of noun from name like lık, lik at the end of the word) and then it comes to the end with shadda. Section of syntax which is called by the author as consisted of compound and is prepared according to systematic of Arabic grammar begins with the sentence structure in Kipchak language. After that it continues with definite-ambiguous names, verb (orders, past, imperfect verbs), subject-predicate in nominal sentence, nevāsiḫ (additional actions helped change the meaning of the noun phrase), Arabic leyte which express by the actual wish mold and the like, such as two mef'ūl area of the heart of verbs in Arabic told (I think) were deaf ( Turkmen thinks he), acts like it yet scientists (verb phrase in), acts offender (verb-subject), the abutment of the verb nefiy prepositions, prepositions, the nehiy (ban), passive verbs and naib-i fail (so-called subject); other elements of the sentence, called the act müteallakat are: cognate accusativ, direct object, time period (time complement), the envelope space (located complement), state (envelope), causative object, the exception, the specification, conflict of laws, the annexation, the oat, the dependencies: adjective, conjunction, confirm, the apposition; conditional structure. After these, he mentions to letters of meanings (huruf al-maani), and concludes this chapter with information about the date, place, and name of the author of the book. Abū Hayyān used induction method in the book. Since he gave the forms of the words in double, then the triple, quadruple, quintet and other forms. He tried to teach the pronunciation of words by explaining the etymology of word sand the changes of the voices. He examined the words which are synonyms/ contrasted, synonym voice, singular/plural, and words that are passed by foreign languages into Turkish dialects then they are turned into Turkish word structure; brought out witnesses from proverbs and poetries. As a result, in this work, which consists of dictionary and grammar sections, it can be said that it is used predominantly in linguistic information - translation method .
Grammar Terms In Mıkyâsu’l-Lisân Kıstâsu’l-Beyân
Journal of Turkish Studies, 2007
Mikyasu'l-Lisan Kıstasu'l-Beyan is second grammar book from point of view historical sequence afterward Müyessiretü'l-Ulum. This grammar book total 207 pages. This book is structured an introduction and a conclusion. There are five chapters which called as "maksad" between introduction (mukaddime) and conclusion (hatime). The one of the most important characteristics in this book is using original terms. Writer's using terms aren't similar other terms which using in Müyessiretü'l-Ulum and following grammar book. In addition one important characteristics is examples of overage in this book. In the called of many terms is availated from examples. In the production of terms considerated their functionalities.