Predictors of lost to follow up to antiretroviral therapy in primary public hospital of Wukro, Tigray, Ethiopia: A case control study (original) (raw)
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In spite of the well proven benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in prolonging life expectancy, being lost to ART follow-up is a problem to the success of antiretroviral therapy programs in resource limited countries including Ethiopia. Thus the aim of the study was to assess the magnitude and predictors of loss to follow-up among adult ART clients. A case-control study design was employed using patients' chart review. For each case three controls were selected based on the closest day of enrollment. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to test association. A total of 727 adult patients were started on antiretroviral therapy during the study period. Among these, 80 (11%) were found to be lost from follow up for a period of ≥ 3 months and 240 controls were randomly selected for 80 cases in a ratio of 1:3. Presence of bereavement concern, not being provided with isoniazide (INH) prophylaxis, the presence of side effects and earlier periods after ART initiating were found to be associated with increased odds for being lost to follow up. The proportion of lost to follow up in this study was lower than those figures reported for resource poor countries. Thus, more targeted health education, counseling and follow-up is needed for patients with identified risk factors.
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2016
It is known that antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces mortality from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related causes. Patient's lost to follow-up (LTFU) in this treatment poses a paramount problem to the public and health care services. Information on predictors of loss to follow-up is scarce in this study area and similar settings. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying correlates of loss to follow-up in ART among adult patients in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. Methods: A case-control study was conducted between February 2015 and April 2015 using medical records. The stratified sampling technique was used to select health facilities. The number of patient records to be included in the study was proportionally allocated to each stratum based on their patient proportion in the regional data. Specific health facilities from which to include the records were randomly selected from a list of the health facilities per stratum. All adult patient records registered as LTFU (416) in the selected health facilities during the 12-month period prior to the data collection date, and 832 patients with good adherence to ART were included. Data were double-entered into Epi Info 7 and analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to report the results. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed using open code computer software. Results: Age 15-24 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 19.82 95% CI: 6.80, 57.73); day laborers (AOR, 5.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.23, 8.89), rural residents (AOR, 2.35; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.89), World Health Organization clinical stage IV (AOR, 2.29; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.62), baseline CD4 ,350 cells/mL (AOR, 2.06; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.13), suboptimal adherence to ART (AOR, 7.42; 95% CI: 1.87, 29.41), were factors which increased the risk of loss to follow-up in ART. Conclusion: Multiple risk factors, both socioeconomic and clinical, were associated with loss to follow-up. Attention is required to address these factors during patient preparation for the treatment and follow-up counseling by practitioners. We recommend that other studies identify what happened to the patients registered as LTFU as the current study could not address this issue.
Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2023
Background: Approximately 38.4 million adult people worldwide live with HIV, of which the majority live in Africa. In Ethiopia increasing the quality of life to HIV patients and preventing HIV transmission are challenging. Even though test-and-treat strategy is applied for early enrollment to ART, poor retention and loss to follow-up are hindering the care. Objective: This study examined the incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among adult HIV patients on ART in South Gondar governmental hospitals, September 11, 2017-September 10, 2022. Methods: A multi-facility-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted. Study subjects were assigned using simple random sampling methods by their medical record numbers. The data were entered into EPI data version 3.0.2 and exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. The Kaplan-Meier failure function was employed to determine the overall failure estimates. Cox proportional hazard model was tailored for both bi-variable and multivariable. Variables at p-value <0.05 with 95% CI were significantly associated with loss to follow-up. Results: In this study, about 559 adult HIV survivors were included, and the response rate was 98%. The mean age and standard deviation (±SD) of study subjects were 36.6±9.3 years. The incidence rate of loss to follow-up was 6.7 per 100 person-years (95% CI:
African Health Sciences
Background: Patients who are lost to follow-up while on treatment compromise their own health and the long-term success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. Besides, loss to follow-up (LTFU) increases HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence of LTFU and its predictors among adult HIV positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy at North Shoa zone public hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective follow up study of 517 people living with HIV/AIDS and attending an ART clinic between 2015 and 2020 was conducted at North Shewa zone, public hospitals. Kaplan-Meier failure function together with log rank test was used to compare failure function. Multivariable Cox proportion hazards regression model was used to determine predictors of LTFU. Result: The incidence density rate of lost to follow up among HIV positive adult on ART was found to be 8.9 per 100 adult years observation (95%CI; 7.45, 10.68). In multivariable cox ...
BioMed Research International
Background. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) from antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces treatment benefits and leads to treatment failure. Hence, this study was aimed at determining the incidence of loss to follow-up and predictors among HIV-infected adults who began first-line antiretroviral therapy at Arba Minch General Hospital. Methods. We carried out an institutional-based retrospective cohort study, and data were collected from the charts of 508 patients who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. All the data management and statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 14. Cumulative survival probability was estimated and presented in the life table, and the Kaplan-Meir survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the independent predictors. Results. We followed 508 patients for 871.9 person-years. A total of 46 (9.1%) experienced loss to follow-up, yielding an overall incidence rate of 5.3 (95%...
Clinical Journal of HIV & AIDS, 2021
Background: HIV remains one of the major public health issues in Cameroon. Progress has been made in attaining the 90-90-90 according to the UNAIDS target, the Loss to follow-up (LTFU) remains a significant challenge to attain the second and third 90. There is a gap of information concerning assessing predictors and determinants of LTFU in the Cameroonian setting taking into consideration psychosocial, economic, cultural, financial, and treatment-related factors. This study seeks to assess and evaluate the determinants and predictors of LTFU among patients enrolled for treatment in the Centre Hospitalier Essos (CHE), Cameroon. Methods: We carried out a retrospective case-control study among 200 patients from which, 100 cases of patients LTFU and 100 controls of regular patients from the treatment centre. Simple random sampling was used to select 100 participants from the case list and matched with 100 participants from the control list. We compared several demographic, social, disease-related, and treatment-related characteristics of the two groups to determine which properties are significantly associated with LTFU. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done with p value < 0.05, odds ratio 95% CI. Results: Out of 200 participants, the mean age was 38 ± 9years. A total of 74 (37%) participants' HIV status was known by a family member. About 50% (54) of those who were married had an HIV-positive partner and of these, 86% (46) were on treatment. On multivariate analysis, distance to health facility; occurrence of opportunistic infections; patient receiving treatment for other conditions; duration of psychological follow-up and number of adherence counselling sessions were found to be independently associated with loss to follow-up. Conclusion: With LTFU, there is a consequent increased risk of HIV transmission and also increased morbidity and mortality. Reinforcement of adherence counseling sessions, intensification of patient tracking especially for patients with comorbidities, transfer of patients in suburbs to health facilities closer to their areas of residence will be important to curb LTFU rates and improve on retention of patients LTFU.
PLOS ONE, 2016
Background Treatment failure defined as progression of disease after initiation of ART or when the anti-HIV medications can't control the infection. One of the major concerns over the rapid scaling up of ART is the emergence and transmission of HIV drug resistant strains at the population level due to treatment failure. This could lead to the failure of basic ART programs. Thus this study aimed to investigate the predictors of treatment failure among adult ART clients in Bale Zone Hospitals, South east Ethiopia. Methods Retrospective cohort study was employed in four hospitals of Bale zone named Goba, Robe, Ginir and Delomena. A total of 4,809 adult ART clients were included in the analysis from these four hospitals. Adherence was measured by pill count method. The Kaplan Meier (KM) curve was used to describe the survival time of ART patients without treatment failure. Bivariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for identifying associated factors of treatment failure.