Effect of Different Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Materials and Thicknesses on the Fracture Resistance of Occlusal Veneers (original) (raw)
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Egyptian dental journal, 2020
Statement of the problem: Thin, posterior occlusal veneers establish a conservative approach to conventional complete coverage restorations. Information about the proper material and its effect upon fracture resistance, which may affect the durability of the restoration, is still unknown. Objective: This in-vitro study was carried out to assess the effect of variable materials and preparation designs on marginal fit and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM fabricated occlusal veneers. Materials and Methods: A total number of sixty freshly extracted maxillary first premolars were collected. The selected teeth were inspected for being intact, non-restored and free from caries, cracks and severe occlusal erosive lesions. The teeth were chosen to be of comparable bucco-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions. All teeth were mounted along their long axis in epoxy resin templates. A standardized occlusal preparation (simulating advanced occlusal erosion) including enamel removal, dentin exposure and immediate dentin sealing were made. Teeth were randomly assigned equally to three test groups (n=20) according to the material of the CAD/CAM blocks used for fabrication of the occlusal veneers, group (I): Lithium di-silicate glass ceramics (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), group (II): Hybrid all-ceramic material (VITA ENAMIC, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germa ny) and group (III): Nano ceramic reinforced resin composite (BRILLIANT Crios, Coltène/Whaledent AG, Switzerland). Each group was then subdivided into two equal sub groups (n=10) according the preparation design used for occlusal veneer, where subgroup (1): represented the minimally invasive occlusal veneer preparation resembling occlusal erosion. Subgroup (2): represented occlusal veneer preparation with marginal chamfer. Teeth were restored with 1.0 mm thickness occlusal veneers. Vertical marginal gap distance for all occlusal veneers was measured using stereomicroscope. Following Vertical marginal gap distance measurements, the samples were subjected to cyclic fatigue loading for 60000 cycles which is equivalent to six months clinical service. Then vertical marginal gap distance for all samples was recalculated after fatigue loading testing. Fracture resistance test was done using universal testing machine. The load to fracture for all samples was recorded in Newton. Data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed.
Influence of material type, thickness and storage on fracture resistance of CAD/CAM occlusal veneers
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2021
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of restoration thickness, CAD/CAM material, and 6 months of artificial saliva storage on the fracture resistance of occlusal veneers. Materials and methods: A total of 84 intact maxillary molars were sectioned 4.0 mm occlusal to the cementoenamel junction to expose the dentine. The teeth were assigned into 3 main groups according to the type of restorative material (e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Lava Ultimate). In each group, the teeth were allocated into 2 subgroups (n = 14) according to restoration thickness (1.0 and 1.5 mm). The veneers were adhesively bonded using dual-cure self-adhesive luting agent. A total of 42 specimens comprising half the tested subgroups were stored in distilled water for 24-h before the test. The remaining half was stored in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1 • C in an incubator for 6 months. All specimens (n = 84) were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles between 5 and 55 • C ± 2 before the fracture resistance test. The maximum force at fracture was recorded in Newton. Failure mode was analyzed using a stereomicroscope. The results were analyzed using a parametric Three-way ANOVA test. Results: The results of the Three-way ANOVA test revealed that material type and restoration thickness significantly affected fracture resistance values (p < 0.5), while 6 months of storage in artificial saliva had no significant effect on mean fracture resistance values (p˃0.5). The most common failure patterns in CAD/CAM resin composite and polymer-infiltrated ceramics were scores I and score II. For glass ceramic groups, score IV and III were more dominant. Conclusions: All the tested CAD/CAM restorations in both thicknesses exhibited fracture resistance values exceeding normal and parafunctional bite forces. Polymer-infiltrated ceramics and CAD/CAM resin composite veneers showed more favorable fracture patterns.
Fracture resistance of CAD/CAM occlusal veneers: A systematic review of laboratory studies
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2020
that evaluated fracture or fatigue strength of CAD/CAM occlusal veneers and used human teeth were selected. The included studies were individually evaluated for the risk of bias following a predetermined criterion. The outcomes assessed included the types of the restorative material, the thickness of the veneers, and aging methods. Results: A total of 12 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies (86%) evaluated the fracture strength of occlusal veneers. Two studies evaluated fatigue resistance. There was a significant relationship between the choice of materials and fracture strength. Polymeric materials performed better in fatigue testing in comparison to ceramics. Lithium silicate-based glass ceramics showed more favorable outcomes in a thickness of 0.7-1.0 mm. Fracture resistance values in all the included studies exceeded maximum bite forces in the posterior region. Conclusions: The outcomes of this systematic review suggest that occlusal veneers can withstand bite forces in the posterior region, whereas the measurement of thickness should be standardized in order to have a fair comparison. Further research needs to be conducted to evaluate the longevity of this type of restorations clinically.
Fracture load of CAD / CAM ultrathin occlusal veneers luted to enamel or dentin
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Objectives: To evaluate, in vitro, the fracture load of IPS e.max CAD occlusal veneers at thicknesses of either 0.3 or 0.6 mm luted to enamel or dentin. Materials and methods: Fifty human molars were randomly distributed into five groups (n = 10): G1-healthy teeth (control); G2-0.3-mm-thick veneers luted to enamel; G3-0.6-mm-thick veneers luted to enamel; G4-0.3-mm-thick veneers luted to dentin; and G5-0.6-mm-thick veneers luted to dentin. After the luting procedures, the specimens were immersed in distilled water at 37 C for 24 hours and then subjected to mechanical loading (10 6 cycles at 200 N load). The specimens were subjected to a fracture load test in a universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05) were used to analyze data.
Influence of Thickness and Surface Conditioning on Fracture Resistance of Occlusal Veneer
Background: The purpose of the current study was to assess the impact of restoration thickness, surface conditioning and the interaction between them on the fracture resistance of CAD/CAM fabricated lithium disilicate occlusal veneers. Methods: A total of 42 maxillary molars were prepared to receive CAD/CAM fabricated lithium disilicate occlusal veneer either with 0.5 mm (n=21) or 1 mm (n=21) thickness. Each main group was divided into 3 subgroups (n=7), according to surface treatment, HF acid (HF-1, HF-0.5), acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF-1, APF-0.5) and Monobond etch & prime (MON-1, MON-0.5). Multilinik N (Ivoclar-Vivadent) adhesive resin cement was used for bonding according to the manufacturer instructions. One hour after bonding, specimens were stored in water bath for 75 days followed by cyclic loading fatigue for 240000 cycles to simulate clinical situation. Finally, specimens were fractured under compressive load in (N) using a universal testing machine. Two and one-way ...
Egyptian Dental Journal, 2022
Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of different CAD/CAM materials and different occlusal thicknesses on the fatigue resistance of occlusal veneers. Materials and Methods: Thirty intact maxillary molars were cut occlusally 4.0 mm above the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). All teeth were dispersed into 3 main groups (n=10) rendering to the CAD/CAM materials tested; Lithium Disilicate (UP.Cad), Vita Suprinity (VS) and Vita Enamic (VE). Each group were further subdivided into 2 subgroups (n = 5) rendering to restoration thickness (1.0 and 1.5 mm). The restorations were adhesively bonded. Samples were subjected to step fatigue resistance test. Assessment of fracture mode was evaluated by Digital microscope. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for fractographic analysis. Results: The highest fatigue resistance was recorded for VS followed by UP.CAD while the least mean value recorded with VE, the difference between groups was statistically significa...
Fracture resistance of ceramic and polymer-based occlusal veneer restorations
Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of thermodynamic loading on the durability and fracture resistance behavior of occlusal veneers fabricated from different biomedical dental CAD/ CAM materials. Methods: The occlusal surfaces of 64 extracted premolars were prepared in the enamel layer and restored with occlusal veneers with a fissure/cusp thickness of 0.5/0.8 mm made from four different dental CAD/CAM materials: group LD lithium disilicate (e.max CAD), group LS zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity), group PI polymer-infiltrated ceramic (Vita Enamic), and group PM polymethylmethacrylate PMMA (Telio CAD). The prepared teeth were etched with phosphoric acid. The occlusal veneers were then bonded using an adhesive luting system (Multilink Primer A/B and Multilink Automix luting resin). Half of the specimens were subjected to thermodynamic loading in a chewing simulator (1.2 million cycles at 98 N). All specimens were quasi-statically loaded until fracture. The statistical analysis was made using the t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). Results: All aged specimens survived the thermodynamic loading. Thermodynamic loading significantly raised the fracture resistance in groups LS, PI, and PM (P < 0.03). Occlusal veneers made from lithium disilicate and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate recorded higher fracture resistance than those made from polymer-infiltrated ceramic and PMMA resin. Conclusions: All tested dental CAD/CAM biomaterials exhibited a fracture resistance considerably exceeding the average occlusal force in the posterior dentition. Therefore, they might present a viable long-term treatment for restoring the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth. MARK 1,010.0 1,530.0 Means with the same upper case superscript letters within the same column are not statistically different (P > 0.05). Means with the same subscript letters within the same raw are not statistically different (P > 0.05). M. Al-Akhali et al.
Fracture strength of CAD/CAM composite and composite-ceramic occlusal veneers
Journal of Prosthodontic Research, 2014
Statistical analyses revealed that, while no significant difference existed among the various restoration thicknesses in terms of fracture strength (P > 0.05), the material type was found to be influential (P = 0.04). The maximum load at fracture (N) for Lava Ultimate averaged over all thicknesses (2111 AE 500) was significantly higher than that of the Paradigm MZ100 (1826 AE 564). No correlation between mode of failure and fracture strength was found. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the maximal loads at fracture for these ''non-ceramic'' occlusal veneer restorations were found to be higher than human masticatory forces. Occlusal veneers made from the two materials tested are likely to survive § This study was presented as an oral defense for the degree designation: Master of Dental Science on 28th June 2013 at
European Journal of Dentistry
Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the microhardness, surface roughness (Ra), and wear behavior of thin occlusal veneers (TOV) fabricated from different injectable composite materials and compare them to a Computer-Aided Design (CAD)/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) resin-based material. Materials and Methods A 1-mm occusal veneer preparation was done in a mandibular right second molar typodont tooth. The prepared model was duplicated to fabricate 32 replicas and divided into four groups (n = 8). Standard TOV were fabricated either indirectly from Cerasmart blocks, Cerasmart, GC (CS), or directly from Beautifil Injectable X, Shofu (BF), G-ænial Universal injectable, GC (GU), or SonicFill 2, Kerr (SF) using the injection molding technique. All the specimens were subjected to both thermomechanical cyclic loading (TMC) in a chewing simulator. Wear measurement was conducted by three-dimensional (3D) scanning of the veneered models before and after TMC, and the differen...