PCDDS, PCDFS and Co-PCBs in Tokyo Bay : Sources and contribution (original) (raw)
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Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in sediments from Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea coastal waters and lakes in Shandong Peninsula were determined. The total PCB concentrations of the measured 50 congeners ( 50PCBs) in the sediments ranged from 273.7 to 644.5 pg g −1 dw (dry weight). The PCB congener profiles in the lacustrine sediments were different from those in the marine sediments. TriCBs and TetraCBs were the dominant homologues in marine sediments, whereas in the sediments from the Nansi Lakes, contributions of PCB homologues were similar. The total concentrations of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs ranged from 6.2 to 27.4 pg g −1 dw. The congener profiles of 2,3,7,8-sustituted PCDD/Fs for the sediments were generally similar for both the lakes and the coastal sea areas in Shandong Peninsula. They were characterized by high OCDD, followed by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and OCDF. The congener profiles of PCDD/Fs in the sediments were consistent with the profiles of main dominant PCDD/Fs in pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate products in China. PCDD/F-TEQ ranged from 0.11 to 0.80 pg TEQ g −1 dw. The dioxinlike PCB-TEQ had concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.08 pg TEQ g −1 dw, mainly from PCB126. PCBs and PCDD/Fs concentrations found in the sediments were from background to low polluted levels.
PCDD/F and PCB history in dated sediments of a rural lake
Chemosphere, 2002
Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF) and biphenyls (PCB) were analysed from a sediment core, which had been sampled from a remote lake in Finland. The deepest subsamples were analysed from a depth of 4.0 m, and were more than 8000 years old. At the surface of the sediment core, low levels of industrial background contamination were detected. The sum of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs was 35 ng/kg d.w. (dry weight), or 1.2 ng/kg d.w. in WHO's toxicity equivalent, WHO-TEQ. The annual accumulation rate of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs was 1.26 ng m À2 a À1 . Deeper in the core, PCDD/F concentrations ranged between 2.11 and 11.1 ng/kg d.w. (0.24 and 1.70 ng/kg d.w. WHO-TEQ) and the accumulation rate was 0.11 ng m À2 a À1 . A characteristic PCDD/F congener profile was found in all pre-industrial sediment layers. The order of concentrations was OCDD > 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD > 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD > 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD > 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and concentrations of 2,3,7,8chlorinated dibenzofurans were below the detection limit. Similar congener profiles have previously been described in samples for which natural PCDD/F formation has been proposed. PCBs were present at low levels in all of the sediment samples. The sum of the PCB concentrations of the sediment subsamples ranged between 50 and 2540 ng/kg d.w., and the three predominant congeners in the core were PCBs 18, 52, and 110. Ó
Journal of Soils and Sediments
Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F), two types of persistent organic pollutant (POP), in an urban retention reservoir located in an industrial zone within a coal-mining region. It also assesses the potential ecological risk of the PCDDs/Fs present in bottom sediments and the relationship between their content and the fraction of organic matter. Materials and methods The sediment samples were collected from Rybnik Reservoir, located in the centre of the Rybnik Coal Region, Silesia, one of Poland’s major industrial centres. Seventeen PCDD/F congeners in the surface of the sediments were analysed using high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Results and discussion The toxic equivalency (TEQ) of the PCDDs/Fs in the sediments ranged from 1.65 to 32.68 pg TEQ g−1. PCDDs constituted 59–78% of the total PCDDs/Fs, while the PCDFs accounted for 2...
PCDDS, PCDFS, PCBS and HCB in marine and estuarine sediments from Queensland, Australia
Chemosphere, 1999
Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDDs, PCDFs, selected PCB congeners and HCB were determined in sediment samples collected from sites along the east coast of Queensland in northern Australia. PCDDs were detectable in all sediment samples while PCDFs, PCBs and HCB were mainly found in sediment samples collected from sites in the Brisbane metropolitan area. The results provide evidence that an unidentified source for higher chlorinated PCDDs exists along the Queensland coast.
Environmental Pollution, 2009
In this study we investigated occurrences and distribution patterns of dioxin-related compounds (DRCs) such as polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/ dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), monobromo-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (MoBPCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in marine surface sediments collected from the coastal waters of Hong Kong and Korea. In most sampling sites, concentrations of PCDDs were the highest, followed by DL-PCBs, PCDFs, PBDFs, PBDDs, MoBPCDDs and MoBPCDFs in this order. Levels of PBDD/Fs were generally 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than chlorinated analogues. Levels of PCDDs are higher than PCDFs in Hong Kong while levels of PBDFs are higher than PBDDs in Korea (p < 0.05). Report of PBDD/Fs and MoBPCDD/Fs in sediments from East Asian countries is novel and original. Environmental levels of PBDD/Fs are supposed to start increasing in accordance with rising production, use and disposal of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and recycling processes of e-waste in Asian developing countries.
Distributions and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls in the coastal East China Sea sediments
Science of The Total Environment, 2013
The Yangtze River estuary (YRE) and the adjacent East China Sea (ECS) inner shelf is an important sink of pollutants originated from mainland China. In this work, we studied the spatial and temporal variations and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments from the YRE and the ECS inner shelf. Total concentration of 23 PCBs (Σ 23 PCB) ranged between 24.3 and 343.3 pg/g (with a mean value of 126.7 pg/g), and higher values occurred in the estuarine region. The homolog profile was dominated by 3-5Cl CBs, accounting for 76.1% of Σ 23 PCB. The Cl proportion ranged from 45.1% to 58.8% (with a mean value of 49.9%); the lowest level appeared in the estuarine region, and it increased with distance from the YRE. Lower chlorinated congeners were carried mainly by the YR into the ocean, to be finally buried in sediments of the estuary region and vicinity. However, higher chlorinated ones were imported mainly via direct emission from local sources, to be finally buried in sediments farther away from the estuary. Of the PCBs in surface sediments, 40.1% came from the YR, 37.9% from the local sources and the rest 22.0% from atmospheric deposition. In a sediment core, we found that 81% of PCBs were technically produced and 19% unintentionally produced in the last century. Before the 1970s, PCB levels were influenced predominantly by the production and consumption of technical PCBs. While in recent decades, the effect of human activities on PCB levels has been increasing continuously.
Levels and homologue profiles of PCDD/Fs in sediments along the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2009
Background, aim, and scope The primary aim of this study was to explore the variations in PCDD/F levels and homologue profiles of Baltic surface sediments by comprehensively analyzing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in samples from a large number of sites, encompassing not only previously known hotspot areas, but also sites near other potential PCDD/F sources, in pristine reference areas (in which there was no industrial activity) and offshore sites. Materials and methods Surface sediment samples (146 in total) were collected at various points along the Swedish coast and offshore areas. In addition, bulk deposition was sampled, monthly, at a single site in northern Sweden during 1 year. The concentrations of tetra-through octasubstituted CDD/Fs were determined in both matrices.