Can clinical and physical-functional factors predict falls in cognitively impaired older adults? (original) (raw)
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Physiological Fall Risk Factors in Cognitively Impaired Older People: A One-Year Prospective Study
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 2012
operating characteristic curve for the PPA model including tests of vision, proprioception, knee extension strength, reaction time, postural sway and leaning balance was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.68-0.83). Conclusion: These findings indicate poor performance on physiological fall risk factors, particularly balance, increases the risk of falls in older cognitively impaired people.
Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe, 2018
Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the relation between the severity of cognitive impairment and the risk of falling among the elderly. Methods. study included persons with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score below 27 (average (PPA). The correlation of MMSE results with PPA results was analyzed. Results. separate PPA tests, there was a significant negative moderate correlation of MMSE scores with on strength (0,61). Conclusion. The strong correlation of cognitive impairment with the physiological profile among elderly shows that the higher the cognitive deficit, the higher the likelihood of a fall incident in this group. When creating fall prevention programs, it is worth paying attention to improving the muscular strength of the lower limbs and general reaction time, because these two elements may particularly affect the increased fall risk of people with cognitive impairment.
2021
Background Falling in physically disabled people is a worldwide social issue and associated with declined physical and psychological health. This study aimed to clarify the physical and psychological conditions in physically disabled people and to explore whether those conditions are the risk factors of falls. Methods One hundred and forty-six physically disabled people were recruited (age 64.2 ± 5.7, ranging from 43 to 77). Their demographic information, psychological status, musculoskeletal conditions, and history of falls in the past year were collected, and mobility was evaluated. A logistic regression analysis was used to clarify the risk factors of falls with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve exploring the effectiveness of the regression model on fall diagnosis via area under the curve (AUC). A subgroup analysis was done between the disabled participants with and without poliomyelitis (polio). Results The cause of disability (polio or no-polio), gender, disabil...
Risk of Falling and Associated Factors in Older Adults with a Previous History of Falls
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
Falls in the elderly are one of the main geriatric syndromes and a clear indicator of fragility in the older adult population. This has serious consequences, leading to an increase in disability, institutionalization and death. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the prevalence of risk of falling and associated factors in a population of 213 non-institutionalised, able older adults with a history of falling in the previous year. We used the following assessment tools: Questionnaire of the WHO for the study of falls in the elderly, Geriatric Depression Scale and Tinetti’s Gait and Balance Assessment Tool. Age, using ambulatory assistive devices, polymedication, hospital admission following a fall and depression were significantly associated with risk of falling. In order to prevent fall reoccurrence, community-based fall prevention programs should be implemented.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.10\_Issue.4\_April2020/IJHSR\_Abstract.02.html, 2020
Background and Objective: Age related changes lead to falls and fear of fall. From many scales, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) a gold standard, Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (FABS) for highly functioning older adults are objective tools of balance whereas Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) is a subjective tool. The present study was intended to establish the convergent validity of FES-I with that of FABS and BBS and also to find which of these tools is most valid in predicting the risk of falls among the functionally independent older adults. Methodology: In this descriptive cross-sectional study 100 participants were included based on selection criteria. The subjects were asked to answer three questions related to fall and fear of fall and also were assessed on three assessment tools. Results: The results showed a significant moderate correlation between FES-I and BBS (r =-0.62, P < 0.0001), FES-I and FABS (r =-0.48, P < 0.0001), and BBS and FABS (r = 0.58, P < 0.0001). The percent of variance explained by FES-I, BBS, and FABS for frequency of falls, frequency of leaving the home and activity restriction were (21, 30, 20), (10, 20, 20) and (31, 28, 16) respectively. Conclusion: The three scales are measuring different constructs and none of them is able to accurately predict the fall risk among highly functioning older adults.
Selected factors influencing the risk of falls in the elderly
2019
Introduction: Falls concern 1/3 of people aged >65 years and every second person aged >80, leading to seniors' disability and dependence on other people's care. The unmodifiable causes for falls are age, sex, marital status, and place of residence. The modifiable causes include involutional changes in all body systems, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, as well as living and environmental conditions. Aim: To determine the risk factors of falls in the elderly. Material and methods: The study involved 220 hospitalized patients aged >65 years who had experienced a fall. An anonymous questionnaire was applied that referred to the medications taken, diagnosed diseases, factors predisposing to falls, and the frequency of falls. The Mini-Mental State Examination was performed to qualify the subjects, and Tinetti test to assess gait and balance. Results: In the Tinetti scale, 48.2% of the subjects were characterized by a rise in the risk of fall 5-fold higher than average; the risk increase less frequently concerned people undertaking physical activity and those who were younger (65-70 years) (P<0.05). The Tinetti test analysis revealed a statistically significant relation (P˂0.05) between brain stroke, Parkinson's disease, orthostatic hypotonia, gait disorders, and falls. The decrease in the number of falls was influenced neither by dizziness, declared by 70.4% of the patients (P=0.092), nor by the number of medications taken (P=0.072). It was influenced, however, by the usage of orthopedic equipment (P˂0.001). Conclusion: The risk of falls in the elderly rises with age. Physical activity decreases the risk; it is increased, though, by gait and balance disorders, Parkinson's disease, past brain stroke, and orthostatic hypotonia.
Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 2010
Background: The aim of the study was to determine which risk factors were associated with the recurrence of falls among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional design, 1066 community-dwelling volunteers aged 65 and older were recruited. The use of psychoactive drugs, the number of drugs taken per day, the basic mobility assessed with the Timed Up & Go test (TUG), the maximal isometric voluntary contraction strength of hand, the lower limb proprioception, the distance binocular vision, the fear of falling and the history of falls during the past year were recorded. Subjects were separated into 4 groups based on the number of falls: 0, 1, 2 and > 2 falls. Results: Among the 395 (37.1%) fallers, 291 (27.3%) were single fallers and 104 (9.8%) were recurrent fallers (i.e., > 2 falls). The numbers of falls increased significantly with age (Incident Rate Ratio (IRR)=1.03, p<0.001), female gender (IRR=1.95, p<0.001), institutionalization (IRR=1.66, p=0.002), number of drugs taken per day (IRR=1.05, p<0.001), use of psychoactive drugs (IRR=1.29, p=0.009), increased time of TUG Test (IRR=1.02, p<0.001), use of a walking aid (IRR=1.59, p=0.002), and fear of falling (IRR=3.08, p<0.001). In addition, a high score at the handgrip test (IRR=0.97, p<0.001) and distance binocular vision (IRR=0.92, p<0.001) were associated with a decreased number of falls. After adjustment for potential confounders, only female gender (IRR=1.44, p<0.001), vision (IRR=0.95, p=0.006) and lower limb proprioception (IRR=0.95, p=0.046), and fear of falling (IRR=2.68, p<0.001) were still significantly associated with the number of falls. Conclusion. The current study shows that female gender, poor vision and lower limb proprioception, and fear of falling were associated with the recurrence of falls.