Accession to and Withdrawal from the European Union (original) (raw)

Oxford University Press eBooks, 2021

Abstract

This chapter outlines the procedures for the accession to and withdrawal from the European Union. The accession procedure begins with an application to become a member of the Union. Article 49 TEU provides that '[a]ny European State which respects the values referred to in Article 2 and is committed to promoting them' may apply to become a member of the Union. The requirement that a candidate Member State should respect 'the values referred to in Article 2' was introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon and refers to the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. Since the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, the Treaties also make it possible for any Member State to withdraw from the European Union (Article 50 TEU). The leaving Member State has to negotiate and conclude an agreement with the Union, setting out the arrangements for its withdrawal and taking account of the framework for its future relationship with the Union. The chapter then looks at the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union, so-called Brexit.

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