Autonomous remote monitoring system for landslides (original) (raw)
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Existing Landslide Monitoring Systems and Techniques
Phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, coastal erosion, glacial movements or subsidence following mining, water or oil extraction are all characterized by surface movements ranging from millimeters to meters, over spatial scales of meters to tens of kilometers and temporal scales of hours to years. Detecting the timing and amount of deformation is critical for understanding the physical causes and eventually warning of possible hazards. Monitoring of deformation of structures and ground surface displacements during landslides can be accomplished by using different types of systems and techniques. These techniques and instrumentation that can be classified as remote sensing or satellite techniques, photogrammetric techniques, geodetic or observational techniques, and geotechnical or physical techniques are presented in this paper.
Case studies of monitored complex landslides presented in scientific papers are numerous but, owning to variability of landslide types and behavior, goals of investigation, field conditions and the ongoing technological development of monitoring sensors, no standardized approach regarding the setting up of a monitoring system can be adopted as an universally solution. The monitoring results should provide a basis for develop and validate confidential numerical models and adequate hazard management. There are a lot of examples used in landslides practice those used different techniques and different devices (sensors) to monitor landslides activity. The use of multiple devices (sensors) at same points and for the same purpose (equipment fusion) should be very useful to guarantee redundancy of measurements that can prevent loss of data if one instrument fails. Selection of the same position for different type of monitoring devices (sensors) will also enable spatial correlation of measurement data on the landslide surface and trough the landslide profile.
Instrumentation for Online Monitoring of Landslides
A simple to use, cost effective complete solution for web based online monitoring of landslide prone areas is presented. Data with alarms is available in table and graphical form to the user on a cloud based web monitoring service from several sensors like piezometer, in-place inclinometer, tiltmeter, creep meter, load cell, borehole extensometer, barometric pressure sensor, temperature probe, rain gauge etc.
Landslide detection is very common now a day due to natural calamities. A challenging wireless sensor networks can be used to alarm the effect of landslide even before the cause occurs. The proposed work consider tiny sensor nodes for the application with base station as central manager and sensor nodes for combining the raw data that are timely coordinated to monitor all the application's. The applications considered are mountains, hills, regions with heavy rain fall where human monitoring is not possible. The sensor nodes deployed on the surface of non-reachable areas will be sending continuously measured parameters such as accelerometers voltage along X and Y axis and sensitivity accelerometers. Depending on these parameters tilt angle of a node is computed, which is compared with the threshold tilt angles. If the tilt angle is minimal than threshold value, then land sliding alarm is sent to the base stations for further action. In turn base station announces the same in the loud speaker up-to 2 km/ts. The proposed scheme result has been simulated using crossbow kit, mote view software and visual basic coding to visualize its effects in real time scenario. In this project we are going to detect temperature of that particular place and it will be displayed on screen.
An Internet-Enabled Wireless Multi-Sensor System for Continuous Monitoring of Landslide Processes
International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2014
Monitoring and early warning systems, although being capable of continuously collecting field data related to landslide processes, are usually unable to autonomously detect and analyze signs of landslides in real time. This paper presents the design and experimental implementation of an autonomous landslide monitoring system. Besides reliably issuing early warnings in case of detected slope anomalies, the monitoring system is primarily designed to support human individuals in assessing the risk of landslide and to improve the understanding of the slope behavior, which may help to reduce economic losses and fatalities caused by landslides. Specifically, intelligent wireless sensor nodes are distributed in the observed slope to autonomously collect, analyze and communicate relevant environmental parameters in real time. Supporting remote analyses of the collected field data, a web application, which is installed on a computer connected to the on-site sensor nodes, enables an automated dissemination of slope parameters through the Internet. Last but not least, geospatial information stemming from external sources is integrated into the monitoring system to provide a comprehensive overview of landslide-related slope conditions.
Wireless landslide monitoring — triggering factors and dynamic behaviour
Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, 2015
Monitoring is fundamental for the prediction and analysis of landslide triggering factors and dynamic behaviour and major issues in the hazard assessment and risk mitigation. Wired monitoring systems have traditionally been used in landslide monitoring. However, wireless technologies are escalating in this field as a consequence of their multiple advantages against standard wired systems, such as their versatility and lower power consumption. Wireless monitoring is a perfect solution for the acquisition of data on geological processes in remote areas where power availability is scarce and the position of the sensors is often a critical issue due to the landscape conditions. In this paper, a complete landslide wireless monitoring system is described within the context of a successful case study in the Central Pyrenees, Spain. The Rebaixader constitutes a typical high mountain catchment where landslides and torrential processes occur with a sub-annual frequency. Rainfall is the principal triggering factor of the type of landslides occurring at the Rebaixader (debris flows), but the specific details of the geotechnical mechanisms that originate the events is still not clear. In order to increase the knowledge on the processes occurring at the catchment, it was equipped with a Loadsensing network for the monitoring of triggering factors and a Spidernano Seismic Remote Unit for the acquisition of the ground vibration generated by the moving mass. The Loadsensing sensor network incorporates seven nodes provided with wireless communication capabilities, showing ultra-low power consumption and long-range communication. Digital, pulse and voltage sensors are connected to these nodes in order to monitor soil water content, soil water potential, snow height, 5-minute rainfall intensity, and air temperature and humidity. The sensor nodes communicate in a multi-hop fashion to deliver the information into a gateway, placed 500 m away in the line of sight, with two repeaters placed along the line. The gateway offers enhanced computational and storage capabilities, as well as 3G modem communication to the data centre. Spidernano is a seismic remote unit (SRU) equipped with GPS clock discipline, which is connected to the Gateway via Ethernet cable. It was connected to three 1D geophones recording simultaneously the ground vibration generated by the passage of the debris-flow mass near the geophones. It has a low power consumption (0.5 W), specially adapted for field campaigns or permanent monitoring. The recordings revealed that debris-flow occurrence can be detected by ground vibration signal and the approach of the flowing mass can even be detected before the arrival. Data acquired by Loadsensing provided valuable results on the understanding of the failure and post-failure mechanisms such as the infiltration patterns of water into the soil before and during the events. All these achievements are promising results for the application of low power wireless technologies not only for standard landslide monitoring but also for landslide early warning systems.
Landslide Definition by an Integrated Monitoring System
Landslides are one of the major types of natural hazards being responsible for great infrastructure damage worldwide , endangering thousands of people every year. In this paper, the case study of a big embankment of Egnatia Odos Highway in Northern Greece, founded on a landslide area, is examined by the means of an Integrated Monitoring System. The major goal is to define the exact area of the landslide, describe the characteristics of the movement (displacement/deformation) and determine the environmental causes that contribute to the phenomenon. The system consists of a combination of geotechnical instruments and a geodetic high precision monitoring system. The geotechnical instruments consist of deep inclinometers, piezometers and tilitmeters, which provide data of the sub-surface displacements and surface tilt deformations along with piezometric data. The high precision geodetic monitoring system, based on GPS and high precision motorized TPS measurements, provides surface displ...
Geophysical-Geotechnical Sensor Networks for Landslide Monitoring
Landslide Science and Practice, 2013
In this study we describe the development of an integrated geophysical/geotechnical sensor network for monitoring an active inland landslide near Malton, North Yorkshire, UK. The network is based around an automated time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ALERT) monitoring system, which has been expanded to incorporate geotechnical sensor arrays. The system can be interrogated remotely using wireless telemetry to enable the near-real-time measurement of geoelectric, geotechnical and hydrologic properties.
GPS-Based System for Displacement Monitoring
In recent years, monitoring systems have shifted towards ever more automatic and autonomous operation. Moreover, technologies and instruments are available to reliably interconnect distributed components. Specifically, the measurement, logging, data processing and interpretation activities may be carried out by separate units at different locations in near real-time. Building on the results of a previous development project, which focused on land movement monitoring with GPS, the system has been generalized to accommodate a range of other sensors. In particular a laser distance meter has been integrated. First results confirm an expected increase in robustness of the combined measurement network, which is particularly important in unfavorable stand-alone GPS reception conditions. Due to the modular architecture of the system, other sensor types may be supported with minimal effort. Examples range from simple inclinometers to motorized theodolites. Measurements are transmitted via cellular or point-to-point radio links to a Control Unit, which provides for post-processing and network management. The Control Unit may be remotely accessed via an Internet connection. The resulting system is characterized by autonomy, reliability and a high degree of automation.