Morphometric analyses of human dry tali of South Indian origin (original) (raw)
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AN 4313 6313 Human Osteology Graduate and Undergraduate Split level class syllabus fall 2021
Identification of each human bone both complete and fragmentary. Study of skeletal and dental development, sex differences, age changes, hard tissue histology, and paleopathology. Course Description: This is a three-credit, intensive lab and lecture course that provides an overview of the methods used in biological anthropology for studying human remains as well as the techniques used to develop biological profiles used in forensic case work. In this course, students will intensively study the skeleton, from the coronal suture to the distal end of the distal foot phalanges. The course is first and foremost focused on the anatomy and physiology of the human skeleton, with additional emphasis on evolution, function, growth, and development. Students will learn to identify all the bones in the skeleton, major landmarks of each skeletal element, and basic skeletal biology. Additional studies in the estimation of age at death, estimation of sex, pathological recording, and trauma will also occur. Students who are interested in human anatomy and physiology, biological anthropology, and in pursuing a career in any of the health sciences (e.g., nursing, dentistry, clinical medicine) are encouraged to take this class. Lectures provide relevant background, but students are expected to devote a significant amount of time to work in groups with study skeletons in lab/ study hours.
International Journal Of Legal Medicine, 2015
Computed tomography (CT) data provide information for volumetric and radiographic density analysis. The present study investigated the application of virtual CT volumetry of the tarsal bones to estimation of the sex, stature, and body weight using postmortem CT (PMCT) data of forensic autopsy cases. Three-dimensional (3D) images of the bilateral foot bones of intact Japanese subjects after adolescence (age ≥15 years, n=179, 100 males and 79 females) were reconstructed on an automated CT image analyzer system. Measured parameters were mass volume, mean CT value (HU), and total CT value of the talus and calcaneus. Mean CT values of these bones showed age-dependent decreases in elderly subjects over 60 years of age for both sexes, with significant sex-related differences especially in the elderly. The mass volumes and total CT values of the talus and calcaneus showed significant sex-related differences, and also moderate correlations with body height and weight for bilateral bones in all cases (r=0.58-0.78, p<0.0001); however, the correlations of these parameters of the female talus with body weight were insufficient (r=0.41-0.61, p<0.0001). These observations indicate the applicability of virtual CT morphometry of the talus and calcaneus using an automated analyzer to estimate the sex and stature in forensic identification; however, greater variations should be considered in body weight estimations of females.
Morphometry of the Adult Human Dry Hip Bone in South Indian Population
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2019
Sex determination of the unknown hip bone either of whole skeleton or any part of it, is always a field of research not only for anatomist but also for forensic expert, anthropologist and archaeologist. Hip bone was considered as ideal bone for sex determination after skull. The morphometry of 100 dry human hip bones, in south Indian population was done in order to evaluate the various parameters of the hip bone. Body proportions and absolute dimensions vary widely in respect to age, sex and racial groups. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy,YenepoyaMedical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore. 100 hip bones of both sexes were used. The Osteometric parameters such as Length, Width, were measured using osteometric board, Weight electronic weighing machine. And Coxalindex of hip bone, were used formula, Length of hip bone ÷ Width of hip bone ×100. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software. In this study we included only healthy bones, deformed and eroded bones were excluded from the study. Results: The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Mean, Standard deviation and standard error of mean, tvalue and p-value, were determined for each parameter. Length of hip bone: (Mean for Female-18.31 cm, Male-20.29cm). Weight of hip bone: (Mean for Female-86.48gm, Male-121.72gm). Width of hip bone: (Mean for Female-13.50cm, male-14.38cm.). Coxal index: (Mean for Female-73.73, male-70.87.) All parameters show statistically highly significant (P-value <0.0001). All values were compared with series of other workers. Conclusion: In this study all the parameters were larger in males as compared to females and were found to be statistically highly significant. Difference were present in gross morphometric parameters, hence these measurements of the hip bone can be used for sex determination of unknown skeletons remains and in the forensic science for medico legal cases.
A morphometric study on the articulating facets of talus in North Indian population
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: Morphometry of talus will be helpful for radiologists, orthopaedicians and surgeons for diagnosis and treatment of talar fractures and making bone prosthesis. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of our study is to do a morphometric analysis of talus to facilitate orthopedicians in planning surgeries for subtalar implants and foot prostheses. This will be of great use to forensic anthropologists. Materials and Methods: For the study, 60 dry adult human tali (24 left and 26 right) were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, SGT Medical College, Budhera. The morphometry of talar surfaces was done using a digital caliper accurate to 0.01 mm and data was recorded. Results: The mean values of medial, central and lateral length on the trochlear surface were 27.0cm, 28.1cm, 27.4cm on right side and 29.4cm, 27.0cm, 29.1cm on left side. Mean anterior, central and posterior widths on the trochlear surface were 27.6cm, 26.2cm, 21.1cm on right side and 27.0cm, 24.0cm, 23.1cm on left s...
Error Quantification of Osteometric Data in Forensic Anthropology
Forensic Science International, 2018
This study evaluates the reliability of osteometric data commonly used in forensic case analyses, with specific reference to the measurements in Data Collection Procedures 2.0 (DCP 2.0). Four observers took a set of 99 measurements four times on a sample of 50 skeletons (each measurement was taken 200 times by each observer). Two-way mixed ANOVAs and repeated measures ANOVAs with pairwise comparisons were used to examine interobserver (between-subjects) and intraobserver (within-subjects) variability. Relative technical error of measurement (TEM) was calculated for measurements with significant ANOVA results to examine the error among a single observer repeating a measurement multiple times (e.g. repeatability or intraobserver error), as well as the variability between multiple observers (interobserver error). Two general trends emerged from these analyses: (1) maximum lengths and breadths have the lowest error across the board (TEM < 0.5), and (2) maximum and minimum diameters at midshaft are more reliable than their positionally-dependent counterparts (i.e. sagittal, vertical, transverse, dorso-volar). Therefore, maxima and minima are specified for all midshaft measurements in DCP 2.0. Twenty-two measurements were flagged for excessive variability (either interobserver, intraobserver, or both); 15 of these measurements were part of the standard set of measurements in Data Collection Procedures for Forensic Skeletal Material, 3rd edition. Each measurement was examined carefully to determine the likely source of the error (e.g. data input, instrumentation, observer’s method, or measurement definition). For several measurements (e.g. anterior sacral breadth, distal epiphyseal breadth of the tibia) only one observer differed significantly from the remaining observers, indicating a likely problem with the measurement definition as interpreted by that observer; these definitions were clarified in DCP 2.0 to eliminate this confusion. Other measurements were taken from landmarks that are difficult to locate consistently (e.g. pubis length, ischium length); these measurements were omitted from DCP 2.0. This manual is available for free download online (https://fac.utk.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/DCP20\_webversion.pdf), along with an accompanying instructional video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v = BtkLFl3vim4).
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objectives: Considering the importance of sexual dimorphism to the identification of skeletons for scientific, medical and forensic purposes, the aim of the present study was to investigate the gender of the person based on morphometric aspects of the proximal end of tibia in Indian population. Material and Method: This prospective descriptive study was carried out on 385 dry, adult tibias, which were collected from the department of Anatomy department of a medical college in north India. 385 fully ossified and processed dry bones were used to study. Unossified, injured or anomalous tibia bones were excluded from the study. Proximal end of tibia is studied under various parameters. After obtaining the values of the all parameters, data is corelated with the record section of the bone bank of the particular medical college. Result: It shows that, there is significant difference between male and female parameters and all results were statistically significant. Conclusion: This study w...