Comparison of Total Serum Antioxidant Capacity Between Male Smokers and Nonsmokers (original) (raw)

The Total Antioxidant Status in Cigarette Smoking Individuals

Active smokers are exposed to reactive free radicals that are present in cigarette smoke. Oxygen free radicals, including superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radical hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen, are highly reactive species that can cause a wide spectrum of cell damage including enzyme inactivation, lipid peroxidation, protein and lipoprotein oxidation, and DNA damage. Free radicals are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The purpose of the present study was to measure the total antioxidant status (TAS) in active cigarette smoking individuals in Mosul city. Twenty active smokers and twenty nonsmokers participated1in the study. Blood sample was taken from each individual and the TAS had been measured in the sera using the Cayman chemical antioxidant assay kit (USA). The results obtained from the study revealed a significant (P<0.001) reduction of the TAS in the smoker's group as compared with the non-smoker's group. In conclusion, smokers possess low TAS than non smokers which may be due to the presence of high amounts of free radicals in cigarette smoke that generate an oxidative stress in the smoker's body that may cause exhaustion of antioxidants of the body.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Blood Antioxidant Status in Short-Term and Long-Term Smokers

DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2001

To determine the effects of cigarette smoking on blood antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation, 16 healthy male current smokers (CS) and 16 healthy male non-smokers (NS) serving as controls were studied. CS were divided into two groups: short-term smokers (STS) 35.4 ± 5.8 years of age (mean±SD), and long-term smokers (LTS) 60.9 ± 4.9 years of age. The average smoking period of STS and LTS were 8.1 ± 1.1 years (mean ±SD) and 20.5 ± 4.5 years (mean ± SD)respectively. STS and LTS had their own controls, who were NS (young NS and old NS respectively). It was concluded that the changes in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems of elderly smokers may be due to oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoking.

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Healthy Subjects

American Journal of Therapeutics, 2007

Background and Purpose: Cigarette smoking has been associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Even though the molecular mechanism(s) are not clear, the pathology has been related to oxygen free radicals present in cigarette smoke. Thus, the main objective of this study was to establish the changes in the oxidation/antioxidation balance induced by cigarette smoking.

Effect of cigarette smoking on the oxidation/antioxidation balance in healthy subjects

Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension

Background and Purpose Cigarette smoking has been associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Even though the molecular mechanism is not clear yet, it has been related to the oxygen free radicals. Thus, the main objective of this study was to establish the changes in the oxidation/antioxidation balance induced by cigarette smoking. Methods 30 healthy subjects (15 smokers and 15 non smokers) of both genders were studied. The smokers group had smoked a mean of 14 cigarettes per day during 4.5 years. Fasting serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and vitamin C (ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid) were measured. Results Fasting NO concentration was significantly higher in smokers (51.3 ± 5.3 µM) than non-smokers (35.2 ± 4.8 µM, p

Evaluation of Antioxidant Status in Passive Smokers

Chronic exposure of human body to tobacco smoke environment induces oxidative stress in cells as a consequence of oxidative reactions by increasing the production of oxygen-free radicals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of passive smoking on antioxidant status in adults. in accordance with their physiological role, erythrocytes are continuously exposed to oxidative stress. Analysis of oxidative susceptibility in the exposed erythrocytes to tobacco smoke was assessed by measurement of erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione-peroxidase, in 50 adult passive smokers, compared with non-smokers. in case of chronic exposures (more than 15 years) in environment with tobacco smoke, the results of erythrocytic superoxide dismutase indicates an adaptive response of the organism to the oxidative stress, which is considered to be antioxidantdefense response, induced by altering the gene expression of SOD from the stem cells. Significantly increasing of erythrocyte sod is associated with lower-level glutathione peroxidase activity in passive smokers compared to non-smokers. our research results reveal the fact that chronic exposure to tobacco smoke environment generates biochemical imbalance in erythrocytic antioxidant defense, providing a protective adaptive mechanism at cellular and sub-cellular levels.

Adult Healthy Smokers; Lipid Peroxidant and Antioxidant Activity

The professional medical journal, 2016

from December 2013-July 2014. Subjects and Methods: 77 smokers and 50 healthy controls were selected through non-probability purposive sampling. Blood glucose, lipids, MDA, antioxidant enzymes (SOD & GPX), serum bilirubin and uric acid (UA) were measured. Data was analyzed on Statistic software 8.1 by student's t test and Chi square test. The significant p-value was taken at ≤ 0.05. Results: Anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD & GPX), blood lipids, lipid per oxidant marker; the MDA, bilirubin and UA showed statistically significant differences between smokers and controls (p<0.001). Total blood lipids and lipid sub fractions were elevated in smokers. MDA in smokers was 3.17±0.91 µmol/ml compared to 1.15±0.61 µmol/ml (p=0.001) in controls. Smokers showed reduced SOD, GPX, serum bilirubin and UA, was significant (p=0.0001) in comparison to controls. Conclusion: Cigarette smoke is a significant source of oxidative stress. Smoking increases malondialdehyde and reduces superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, uric acid and bilirubin.

Changes in the Antioxidant Defense System of the Smokers #

To determine whether tobacco use is associated with certain alterations involving antioxidant system and some of its related parameters 50 subjects who have been smoking more than a pack of cigarette per day for at least five years and 50 healthy individuals who had never smoke in their life were examined. Serum catalase, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in both serum and erythrocyte of all subjects were measured. Periferic blood count, serum uric acid, and albumin levels were also measured. In comparison with the non smokers, catalase and GSH-Px enzyme activities were found significantly lower in the smokers while SOD and G6PD activities were not significantly different. In addition, MDA was found significantly higher in both serum and erythrocytes (p< 0.001) of the smokers compared with nonsmokers. While serum albumin and uric acid levels of smokers were found not significantly lower (p> 0.05), hemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cells (WBC) were found higher (p< 0.01 and p< 0.001, respectively). From these results, it can be suggested that antioxidants can be depleted against fighting with oxidants, or they can be inhibited by certain chemical compounds of cigarette smoke.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking On Lipid Peroxidation and Serum Antioxidant Vitamins

Cigarette smoke contains many oxidants capable of generating reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. These species play a key role in oxidative stress, leading to the development and progression of many disorders, including hypertension, cancer, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. This study estimated the levels of serum antioxidant vitamins and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as evidence of lipid peroxidation. Healthy male smokers aged 15-35years from Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto community who consume at least five sticks of cigarette/day were recruited for the study. Serum Antioxidant vitamins (A, C, and E) and MDA were estimated using standard methods and compared to aged matched control (non-smokers) group. The levels of antioxidant vitamins were found to be significantly lower in smokers than non-smoker P<0.05. On the other hand, MDA concentration was found to be significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers P<0.05. Interestingly, the number of cigarettes consumed/day determines antioxidants depletion, as well as MDA build up. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that cigarette smoke depletes the concentration of serum antioxidants required to scavenge excess free radicals, consequently increasing the rate of lipid peroxidation.

Cigarette Smoke and Oxidative Stress Indices in Male Active Smokers

Reactive Oxygen Species, 2018

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of biomolecules associated with cigarette smoking have been implicated in multiple organ dysfunctions among smokers. This study assessed the oxidative stress indices, including nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), ferritin, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total plasma peroxide (TPP), and oxidative stress index (OSI), as well as cotinine levels in relation to duration of smoking in male active smokers in Calabar, Nigeria. Ninety consenting male subjects aged 18-60 years comprising 50 smokers and 40 nonsmokers were studied. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and socio-demographic information were obtained using standard methods. Oxidative stress indices; GSH, ferritin, NO, MDA, TAC, and TPP were estimated by colorimetric methods and cotinine by ELISA method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, LSD post-hoc and Pearson's correlation at p < 0.05. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure, TPP, OSI, NO, MDA, ferritin, and cotinine levels were significantly higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Increasing duration of smoking was associated with increased MDA and decreased GSH and NO levels, while increasing number of cigarette sticks smoked per day was associated with decreased MDA levels. Cotinine correlated positively with ferritin (r = 0.387, p = 0.005) and TPP (r = 0.377, p = 0.007) only in smokers. In conclusion, cigarette smoking results in enhanced NO, ferritin, and lipid peroxidation, with concomitant depletion of GSH which may lead to oxidative stress and smoking-related illness in cigarette smokers studied.

Alterations of small-molecular-weight antioxidants in the blood of smokers

Chemico-Biological Interactions, 1998

Plasma h-tocopherol, ascorbate, retinol, uric acid, and lipid peroxides were investigated in 39 male smokers and 64 male non-smokers. The average level of plasma h-tocopherol of 35-45-year-old smokers (1.74 90.49 vg/mg total lipid) was significantly lower than that of age-matched non-smokers (2.55 90.88 vg/mg total lipid, P= 0.032). Similarly, the plasma h-tocopherol of smokers aged above 45 (1.66 9 0.29 vg/mg total lipid) was lower than that of the age-matched non-smokers (2.389 1.26 vg/mg total lipid, P= 0.014). However, no difference in plasma level of h-tocopherol was found between smokers and non-smokers below the age of 35. The average concentration of ascorbate in plasma was significantly decreased only in those smokers older than 45 (0.33 9 0.16 mg/dl vs non-smokers 0.53 9 0.19 mg/dl, P= 0.003). The average level of lipid peroxides (measured as malondialdehyde, (98)00083-0 C.S. Liu et al. / Chemico-Biological Interactions 116 (1998) 143-154 144 MDA) in the plasma of smokers (2.77 9 0.51 nmol/ml) was higher than that of nonsmokers (2.35 90.21 nmol/ml) aged above 45 (P= 0.034). No differences in the plasma levels of uric acid and retinol were noted between smokers and non-smokers in all age groups. Using partial correlation analysis under age control, we found that the plasma level of h-tocopherol was negatively correlated with the plasma level of MDA (r= − 0.523, P =0.038). In contrast, the plasma level of ascorbate was only weakly correlated with the plasma level of MDA (r= −0.341, P= 0.094). Moreover, we found a negative correlation between the plasma level of h-tocopherol and smoking index (r= −0.414, P =0.006) under age control, but there was no correlation between plasma level of ascorbate and smoking index (r= 0.221, P= 0.193). These results indicate that adequate levels of h-tocopherol and ascorbate may protect the plasma from oxidative damage elicited by smoking-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals in young smokers. However, the antioxidant activities of h-tocopherol and ascorbate may be overwhelmed by the long-standing oxidative stress elicited by cigarette smoking in elderly subjects.